Progesterone and estradiol regulate sperm hyperactivation and in vitro fertilization success in mice.

Progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol (Eβ) form the well-known hormone pair that regulates sperm capacitation. Here, we examined the regulatory effects of P and Eβ on sperm hyperactivation in mice and evaluated the in vitro fertilization (IVF) success. Although P enhanced hyperactivation, Eβ dose-dependently suppressed the P-enhanced hyperactivation.

Enhancement of rat spermatozoal hyperactivation by progesterone.

Progesterone (P) is a well-known enhancer of hyperactivation which is associated with the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this study, we examined whether P-enhanced hyperactivation affected IVF success in rats. When rat spermatozoa were exposed to 10, 20, and 40 ng/ml P, 20 ng/ml P enhanced hyperactivation via the membrane progesterone receptor.

Progesterone increases the success of in vitro fertilization via enhanced sperm hyperactivation in mice.

Progesterone (P) enhances spermatozoal hyperactivation, a capacitation event. Hyperactivation is associated with successful in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this study, we examined the effects of P on hyperactivation and IVF in mice.

Vasopressin V1a receptor and oxytocin receptor regulate murine sperm motility differently.

Specific receptors for the neurohypophyseal hormones, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin, are present in the male reproductive organs. However, their exact roles remain unknown. To elucidate the physiological functions of pituitary hormones in male reproduction, this study first focused on the distribution and function of one of the AVP receptors, V1a.

Effects of aging and oviductal hormones on testes, epididymides, and sperm of hamster.

Purpose: Aging is a major cause of decreased fertility. Using hamster, we examined the effects of aging on testes, epididymides, and sperm. Additionally, we examined whether progesterone (P), melatonin (Mel) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) mitigated effects of aging on sperm.

Serotonergic signals enhanced hamster sperm hyperactivation.

In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms underlying sperm hyperactivation enhanced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in hamsters. First, we examined the types of 5-HT receptors that regulate hyperactivation. Hyperactivation was significantly enhanced by 5-HT and 5-HT receptor agonists.

Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on spermatozoal hyperactivation and in vitro fertilization in mice.

In this study, we examined the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the motility and hyperactivation of mouse spermatozoa. In addition, we examined whether 5-HT increases the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in mice. Interestingly, 5-HT and agonists of the 5-HT, 5-HT, 5-HT, and 5-HT receptors significantly increased the percentage of hyperactivated spermatozoa but did not affect the percentage of motile spermatozoa.

Regulatory mechanisms of sperm flagellar motility by metachronal and synchronous sliding of doublet microtubules.

Study Question: What is the role of metachronal and synchronous sliding in sperm flagellar motility?

Summary Answer: Both metachronal and oscillatory synchronous sliding are essential for sperm flagellar motility, while the change in mode of synchronous sliding between the non-oscillatory synchronous sliding of a specific pair of the doublet microtubules and the oscillatory synchronous sliding between most pairs of doublet microtubules modulates the sperm flagellar motility.

What Is Known Already: Metachronal and synchronous sliding of doublet microtubules are involved in sperm flagellar motility and regulation of these sliding movements controls flagellar bend formation.

Study Design, Size, Duration: To study the regulatory mechanisms of metachronal and synchronous sliding in flagellar movement of golden hamster spermatozoa, changes in these sliding movements during hyperactivation were examined by measuring the angle of the tangent to the flagellar shaft with reference to the central axis of the sperm head (the shear angle) along the flagellum.

γ-Aminobutyric acid suppresses enhancement of hamster sperm hyperactivation by 5-hydroxytryptamine.

Sperm hyperactivation is regulated by hormones present in the oviduct. In hamsters, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) enhances hyperactivation associated with the 5HT receptor and 5HT receptor, while 17β-estradiol (E) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) suppress the association of the estrogen receptor and GABA receptor, respectively. In the present study, we examined the regulatory interactions among 5HT, GABA, and E in the regulation of hamster sperm hyperactivation.

Regulation of hamster sperm hyperactivation by extracellular Na.

Mammalian sperm motility has to be hyperactivated to be fertilization-competent. Hyperactivation is regulated by extracellular environment. Osmolality of mammalian semen is higher than that in female reproductive tract; however, the effect of them on hyperactivation has not been investigated.

Non-genomic regulation and disruption of spermatozoal in vitro hyperactivation by oviductal hormones.

During capacitation, motility of mammalian spermatozoon is changed from a state of "activation" to "hyperactivation." Recently, it has been suggested that some hormones present in the oviduct are involved in the regulation of this hyperactivation in vitro. Progesterone, melatonin, and serotonin enhance hyperactivation through specific membrane receptors, and 17β-estradiol suppresses this enhancement by progesterone and melatonin via a membrane estrogen receptor.

Estrogen suppresses melatonin-enhanced hyperactivation of hamster spermatozoa.

Hamster sperm hyperactivation is enhanced by progesterone, and this progesterone-enhanced hyperactivation is suppressed by 17β-estradiol (17βE2) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although it has been indicated that melatonin also enhances hyperactivation, it is unknown whether melatonin-enhanced hyperactivation is also suppressed by 17βE2 and GABA. In the present study, melatonin-enhanced hyperactivation was significantly suppressed by 17βE2 but not by GABA.

Suppression of progesterone-enhanced hyperactivation in hamster spermatozoa by γ-aminobutyric acid.

It has been recently shown that mammalian spermatozoa were hyperactivated by steroids, amines and amino acids. In the present study, we investigated whether hyperactivation of hamster sperm is regulated by progesterone (P) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although sperm hyperactivation was enhanced by P, GABA significantly suppressed P-enhanced hyperactivation in a dose-dependent manner.

Regulation and disruption of hamster sperm hyperactivation by progesterone, 17β-estradiol and diethylstilbestrol.

Purpose: Hyperactivation of hamster sperm is dose-dependently enhanced by progesterone (P) and 17β-estradiol (E). In the first part of the present study, enhancement of hyperactivation in response to the concentrations of P and E was examined in detail and in the second part, it was examined whether enhancement of hyperactivation by P and E was disrupted by diethylstilbestrol (DES).

Methods: Hamster spermatozoa were hyperactivated by incubation in modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate medium with P, E and/or DES.

Progesterone-enhanced sperm hyperactivation through IP-PKC and PKA signals.

Propose: The present study examined whether regulation of progesterone-enhanced hyperactivation of spermatozoa is associated with the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP) and diacylglycerol (DAG) by phospholipase C (PLC) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by adenylate cyclase (AC), as well as activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA).

Methods: Hamster spermatozoa were hyperactivated by incubation for 4 h in modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (mTALP) medium. In order to examine the effects of IP receptor (IPR), PKC and PKA on progesterone-enhanced hyperactivation, their inhibitors (xestospongin C, bisindolylmaleimide 1 and H-89) were used.

Characterization of an alternative chromatin remodeling to parasperm in a cottid fish, Hemilepidotus gilberti.

The dimorphic sperm of Hemilepidotus gilberti, i.e., haploid eusperm and diploid parasperm, have different morphologies corresponding to their own roles in fertilization.

Serotonin-enhanced hyperactivation of hamster sperm.

The effects of serotonin on reproductive function were examined using hamster spermatozoa. When serotonin at concentrations from 1 fmol/l to 1 μmol/l was added to modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (mTALP) medium, hyperactivation was significantly enhanced. Agonists and antagonists of 5-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride (5-HT) receptors (5-HT(2) and 5-HT(4) receptors) were added to the medium.

Suppression of progesterone-enhanced hyperactivation in hamster spermatozoa by estrogen.

In this study, I examined whether sperm hyperactivation in hamster is regulated by steroid hormones such as estrogen (estradiol, E(2)) and progesterone. Although sperm hyperactivation was enhanced by progesterone, 17beta-estradiol (17betaE(2)) itself did not affect sperm hyperactivation. However, 17betaE(2) suppressed progesterone-enhanced hyperactivation in a concentration-dependent manner through non-genomic pathways when spermatozoa were exposed to 17betaE(2) at the same time or before exposure to progesterone.

Regulation of hyperactivation by PPP2 in hamster spermatozoa.

It has been widely accepted that serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PPPs) are associated with the regulation of sperm hyperactivation. In the present study, we examined the types of PPPs associated with the regulation of hamster sperm hyperactivation. Protein phosphatases PPP1CA, PPP1CC, PPP2, and PPP3 are present in hamster sperm.

Non-genomic regulation of mammalian sperm hyperactivation.

Although it has been suggested that the acrosome reaction is induced through non-genomic regulation in a ligand-dependent manner, it is not known whether hyperactivation is similarly regulated. Progesterone and melatonin have been identified as ligands that regulate hyperactivation, the former through non-genomic regulation with phospholipase C and the latter most likely through a reactive oxygen species-mitogen activated protein kinase cascade. Both may be involved in spontaneous regulation of hyperactivation via tyrosine phosphorylation.

Melatonin-enhanced hyperactivation of hamster sperm.

The effects of melatonin on reproductive function were examined using hamster spermatozoa. When 1 pM to 1 microM melatonin was added to the mTALP medium, hyperactivation was significantly enhanced. Antagonists and agonists of the melatonin receptor (i.

Regulation of hyperactivation of hamster spermatozoa by progesterone.

Although it is accepted that progesterone (P) induces acrosome reaction through non-genomic regulation, it is not well known if P also affects hyperactivation of sperm. Hamster spermatozoa were hyperactivated by incubation for 4 h on modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate medium and recorded on a DVD via a charge-coupled device camera attached to a microscope with phase-contrast illumination and a small CO incubator. Phosphorylation of proteins was detected by western blotting using antiphosphotyrosine antibodies.

Alteration of cystatin C in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis.

The protein profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid of 10 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 10 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), 8 inflammatory disease control patients, and 4 noninflammatory disease control patients were screened by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Peaks of 12.5 kDa were significantly lower in multiple sclerosis, NMO, and inflammatory disease control patients than in noninflammatory disease control patients, and 13.

Profiling of proteins phosphorylated or dephosphorylated during hyperactivation via activation on hamster spermatozoa.

It has been widely accepted that sperm hyperactivation is regulated by protein phosphorylations. But, the sperm hyperactivation phosphorylation pathway is not well understood yet because several different proteins have been detected in other studies. In order to understand the phosphorylation pathway that regulates hyperactivation, we established how to extract sperm protein completely and detected proteins that were phosphorylated during hyperactivation.

Heterogeneity and tissue specificity of tropomyosin isoforms from four species of bivalves.

Heterogeneity and tissue specificity of tropomyosin isoforms obtained from four species of bivalves (Scapharca broughtonii (ark shell), Mytilus galloprovincialis (mussel), Atrina pectinata (surf clam) and Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster)), were examined. Tropomyosins were extracted from translucent and opaque portions of posterior adductor muscle, respectively, and cardiac muscle of each bivalve. There were two tropomyosin isoforms in the ark shell, the surf clam and the Pacific oyster.