Prognostic value of PSA bounce in prostate cancer following definitive radiation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prognostic significance of PSA bounce following definitive radiation therapy remains controversial. To develop a sense of current opinion in this area, we performed a systematic search of the literature based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Methods: In January 2021, we systematically searched PubMed, the Cochrane library, and Scopus for studies that compared patients who had localized prostate cancer with or without PSA bounce after definitive radiation therapy.

Tumor Location and Pathological Features of Latent and Incidental Prostate Cancer in Contemporary Japanese Men.

Purpose: The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing in Asian countries. Studies using prostatectomy specimens have reported a racial difference in tumor location within the prostate, with a greater incidence of transition zone cancer in Asian men compared with Caucasian men. However, there may be potential biases in studies based on surgical specimens.

No change in the prevalence of latent prostate cancer over the last 10 years: a forensic autopsy study in Japan.

Although the morbidity rate of prostate cancer has increased with 2.3 times in these 10 years in Japan, little is known about the changes in the prevalence of latent prostate cancer. To understand changes in the prevalence of latent prostate cancer, a retrospective analysis was performed.

Safety of fondaparinux for prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism in urological malignancy: A prospective randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To prospectively evaluate the safety of postoperative fondaparinux in comparison with low molecular weight heparin in patients undergoing uro-oncological surgery.

Methods: The present study was a prospective, single-blind, non-inferiority randomized trial. A total of 359 patients undergoing surgery for urological malignancy were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2012.

A comparative study on the efficacies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and GnRH antagonist in neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy combined with transperineal prostate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been suggested to confer several clinical benefits in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing transperineal prostate brachytherapy (TPPB). Unlike gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor agonists, a GnRH antagonist such as degarelix can achieve castrate levels of testosterone without testosterone flare. However, normalization of serum testosterone levels following completion of neoadjuvant ADT in either form of treatment has never been compared in clinical trials.

Do androgen deprivation and the biologically equivalent dose matter in low-dose-rate brachytherapy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer?

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the biologically equivalent dose (BED) on treatment outcomes after iodine-125 low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) with or without supplemental external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa). We retrospectively evaluated 292 Japanese patients. The impact of the BED and ADT on treatment outcomes was investigated.

Time Trends in Histological Features of Latent Prostate Cancer in Japan.

Purpose: The incidence of prostate cancer is reported to be increasing in Asia, including Japan. Although this trend has been attributed partly to a more Western diet, this assumption may involve variable confounders. Thus, we examined the histological features of contemporary vs historical latent prostate cancer.

Latent prostate cancer in Japanese men who die unnatural deaths: A forensic autopsy study.

Background: An accurate natural history of prostate cancer (PC) can be obtained from forensic autopsies of individuals who had performed their normal daily activities immediately before death and had not undergone long-term medical interventions. A retrospective analysis of such individuals was performed to understand the features of latent PC in Japan.

Methods: The findings of forensic autopsies performed at Dokkyo Medical University from August 2002 to July 2005 on men without severely destroyed or severely decomposed tissues were collected.

Results of central pathology review of prostatic biopsies in a contemporary series from a phase III, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (SHIP0804).

To investigate contemporary rates of variation in the biopsy Gleason grading in prostate cancer, between local and central pathologists, based on central review of the pathological slides from Seed and Hormone for Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer (SHIP) 0804, a phase III, multicenter, randomized, controlled study. From April 2008 to May 2011, 18 Japanese institutions participated. All H&E slides were reviewed independently, without clinical information, and a tumor grade was assigned according to the modified Gleason grading system proposed by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP).

Prevalence of inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on autopsy in Asian and Caucasian men.

Unlabelled: Inflammation has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We studied the prevalence of inflammation and BPH in Asian and Caucasian men on prostate glands (n=320) obtained during autopsy in Moscow, Russia (Caucasian men, n=220), and Tokyo, Japan (Asian men, n=100). We correlated the presence and grade of acute inflammation (AI) or chronic inflammation (CI) and BPH.

Pulmonary metastases after low-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer.

Purpose: To analyze unusual events and focus discussion on pulmonary metastasis in particular after low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) for prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials And Methods: A total of 616 consecutive patients who had undergone LDR-BT for clinically localized PCa at Jikei University Hospital between October 2003 and April 2010 were enrolled in this study. Follow-up information was summarized, and patterns of biochemical recurrence and clinical outcome were investigated.

Salvage partial brachytherapy for prostate cancer recurrence after primary brachytherapy.

Objectives: To characterize local recurrence of prostate cancer and to assess the effect of salvage partial brachytherapy after primary 125-iodine low-dose rate brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy in Japanese men.

Methods: Between 2003 and 2010, a total of 616 consecutive patients underwent low-dose rate brachytherapy-based therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer at Jikei University Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Biochemical recurrence occurred in 45 (7.

Analysis of prognostic factors in localized high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with HDR brachytherapy, hypofractionated 3D-CRT and neoadjuvant/adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (trimodality therapy).

Trimodality therapy consisting of high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) and adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) has been used to treat localized high-risk prostate cancer. In this study, an analysis of patients receiving the trimodality therapy was performed to identify prognostic factors of biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS). Between May 2005 and November 2008, 123 high-risk prostate cancer patients (D'Amico classification) were treated with NHT prior to HDR brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated EBRT.

Mid-term outcome of permanent prostate iodine-125 brachytherapy in Japanese patients.

Objectives: To analyze mid-term oncological outcomes of low-dose rate brachytherapy in Japanese patients.

Methods: Between 2003 and 2010, 604 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with low-dose rate brachytherapy at Jikei University Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Median follow up was 48 months.

Prevalence of prostate cancer on autopsy: cross-sectional study on unscreened Caucasian and Asian men.

Background: Substantial geographical differences in prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality exist, being lower among Asian (ASI) men compared with Caucasian (CAU) men. We prospectively compared PCa prevalence in CAU and ASI men from specific populations with low penetrance of prostate-specific antigen screening.

Methods: Prostate glands were prospectively obtained during autopsy from men who died from causes other than PCa in Moscow, Russia (CAU), and Tokyo, Japan (ASI).

Assessment of antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent perioperative infection in patients undergoing prostate brachytherapy: multicenter cohort study.

To propose an appropriate prophylactic antimicrobial therapy for patients undergoing brachytherapy, we evaluated the relationships between various antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) protocols and the incidence of postimplant infections in a multicenter cohort study conducted in Japan. The records of 826 patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent a transperineal (125)I brachytherapy procedure between January 2009 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Perioperative infections, including surgical site and remote infections, were recorded up to postoperative day 30.

Genetic and functional analyses implicate the NUDT11, HNF1B, and SLC22A3 genes in prostate cancer pathogenesis.

One of the central goals of human genetics is to discover the genes and pathways driving human traits. To date, most of the common risk alleles discovered through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) map to nonprotein-coding regions. Because of our relatively poorer understanding of this part of the genome, the functional consequences of trait-associated variants pose a considerable challenge.

Transperineal prostate brachytherapy, using I-125 seed with or without adjuvant androgen deprivation, in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer: study protocol for a phase III, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: The optimal protocol for 125I-transperineal prostatic brachytherapy (TPPB) in intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients remains controversial. Data on the efficacy of combining androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with 125I-TPPB in this group remain limited and consequently the guidelines of the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) provide no firm recommendations.

Methods/design: Seed and Hormone for Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer (SHIP) 0804 is a phase III, multicenter, randomized, controlled study that will investigate the impact of adjuvant ADT following neoadjuvant ADT and 125I-TPPB.

Sudden death while driving a four-wheeled vehicle: an autopsy analysis.

We retrospectively analysed forensic autopsies to resolve various issues associated with sudden natural death while driving. We collected information about the medical history, drug treatment, anthropometry and body mass index (BMI) of 34 individuals who suddenly died of natural causes while driving four-wheeled vehicles. The reasons for driving, details of the vehicle, type of collision, perspective of vehicle behaviour and types of avoidance manoeuvres were also examined.

Analysis of cervical injuries in persons with head injuries.

To determine which clinical factors are useful for predicting concomitant injuries of the cervical spine and cervical spinal cord in persons with head injuries, we examined the nature and mechanisms of cervical injuries. For 109 forensic autopsies of persons with head injuries, the cause of injury, mechanism of cervical injury, survival time, and anatomic injury severity (1990 revision of the abbreviated injury scale [AIS] and injury severity score) were determined. Traffic accidents were the most common cause of injuries (41.

Stereoisomeric identification of norephedrine derived from methamphetamine or amphetamine: urinalysis results of 33 methamphetamine abusers and 1 amphetamine abuser in Japan.

Stereoisomeric identification of norephedrine (NE) derived from methamphetamine (MA) or amphetamine (AM) was investigated by SIM-GC/MS assay using the urine of 33 MA abusers and 1 AM abuser. The assay simultaneously identified TFA-derivatized MA and AM metabolites, including AM, p-hydroxyl-MA (p-HMA), and p-hydroxyl-AM (p-HAM). The analysis lasted approximately 43 min, with a signal-to-noise ratio of >or=3 and a detection limit of 50 ng/mL.

Changes in blood viscosity with the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase.

We measured whole blood viscosity to investigate the time course of the fibrinolytic activity of the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase. Changes in blood viscosity over time were determined using an oscillation-type viscometer at a shear rate of 400 to 500 per second. Blood viscosity initially increased with alteplase as in untreated blood, but then decreased, reflecting the fibrinolytic activity of generated plasmin.

Accidental strangulation of a mentally retarded patient by a clothing collar: a case report.

A 40-year-old mentally retarded woman died of accidental strangulation in a nursing home. She was found in a kneeling position with her hands on her knees and the collar of her clothing compressing the front and sides of the neck. Before the accident, a nurse had dressed the patient in one-piece overall-style pyjamas put on back to front so that she could not remove the garment herself.

Fungi can be a useful forensic tool.

We present a practical case in which the fungi have contributed to the estimation of postmortem interval of the cadaver. A 71-year-old man wearing a shirt and pants was found dead at the bottom of an open well about 6m below the ground in his garden. Externally the face was dotted with colonies of white fungi, which was devoid of dipteran larvae and other insects.