Effects of Heat-Treated CP790-Fermented Milk on Gastrointestinal Health in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Probiotic-fermented milk is commonly used to maintain intestinal health. However, the effects of heat-treated fermented milk, which does not contain live microorganisms, on intestinal function are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate whether heat-treated CP790-fermented milk affects fecal microbiota and gut health as a "postbiotic".

Emergence of putative energy parasites within Clostridia revealed by genome analysis of a novel endosymbiotic clade.

The Clostridia is a dominant bacterial class in the guts of various animals and are considered to nutritionally contribute to the animal host. Here, we discovered clostridial endosymbionts of cellulolytic protists in termite guts, which have never been reported with evidence. We obtained (near-)complete genome sequences of three endosymbiotic Clostridia, each associated with a different parabasalid protist species with various infection rates: Trichonympha agilis, Pseudotrichonympha grassii, and Devescovina sp.

Screening of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria based on inhibitory activity against oral bacteria and effects of oral administration of heat-killed CP3365 on periodontal health in healthy participants: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to select heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (HKL) with antibiotic activity and investigate the efficacy of this bacteria in maintaining periodontal parameters in healthy participants.

Materials And Methods: An in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the inhibitory efficacy of lactic acid bacteria against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum.

Transconjugant range of PromA plasmids in microbial communities is predicted by sequence similarity with the bacterial host chromosome.

Nucleotide sequence similarity, including -mer plasmid composition, has been used for prediction of plasmid evolutionary host range, representing the hosts in which a plasmid has replicated at some point during its evolutionary history. However, the relationships between the bacterial taxa of experimentally identified transconjugants and the predicted evolutionary host ranges are poorly understood. Here, four different PromA group plasmids showing different -mer compositions were used as model plasmids.

Agarose gel microcapsules enable easy-to-prepare, picolitre-scale, single-cell genomics, yielding high-coverage genome sequences.

A novel type of agarose gel microcapsule (AGM), consisting of an alginate picolitre sol core and an agarose gel shell, was developed to obtain high-quality, single-cell, amplified genomic DNA of bacteria. The AGM is easy to prepare in a stable emulsion with oil of water-equivalent density, which prevents AGM aggregation, with only standard laboratory equipment. Single cells from a pure culture of Escherichia coli, a mock community comprising 15 strains of human gut bacteria, and a termite gut bacterial community were encapsulated within AGMs, and their genomic DNA samples were prepared with massively parallel amplifications in a tube.

Hitherto-Unnoticed Self-Transmissible Plasmids Widely Distributed among Different Environments in Japan.

Various conjugative plasmids were obtained by exogenous plasmid capture, biparental mating, and/or triparental mating methods from different environmental samples in Japan. Based on phylogenetic analyses of their whole-nucleotide sequences, new IncP/P-1 plasmids that could be classified into novel subgroups were obtained. Mini-replicons of the plasmids were constructed, and each of them was incompatible with at least one of the IncP/P-1 plasmids, although they showed diverse iteron sequences in their regions.

sp. nov., an equol non-producing bacterium isolated from human faeces.

Two obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from faecal samples of healthy humans in Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these two strains (8CFCBH1 and 9CBH6) belonged to the genus , which is known as an equol-producing bacterium. The closest neighbours of strain 8CFCBH1 were subsp.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from lichen in Thailand.

Two actinobacteria, designated as strain LDG1-01 and LDG1-06, were isolated from lichen samples collected in Thailand. Results of morphological characterization, chemotaxonomic studies and 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that both strains were members of the genus . MK-9(H) was found as the major menaquinone.

Oxygen concentration affects frequency and range of transconjugants for the incompatibility (Inc) P-1 and P-7 plasmids pBP136 and pCAR1.

The frequency of transconjugants were compared for the incompatibility (Inc) P-1 and P-7 plasmids pBP136 and pCAR1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Filter mating assays were performed with one donor strain and one recipient strain using different donors of Pseudomonas and recipient strains, including Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Buttiauxella. Under anaerobic condition, frequencies of transconjugants for both plasmids were 101-103-fold lower than those under aerobic condition regardless of whether aerobically or anaerobically grown donors and recipients were used.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic sulfur- and iron-reducing archaeon, and proposal of fam. nov., ord. nov., and class. nov. in the phylum .

A thermoacidophilic, anaerobic, and iron- and sulfur-reducing archaeon, strain NAS-02, was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring in Japan, as previously reported. This organism is the first non-ammonia-oxidizing isolate in the phylum . Here, we propose gen.

Nocardia terrae sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil in Thailand.

A novel actinomycete strain ET3-3 isolated from soil collected from Chachoengsao province, Thailand was taxonomic evaluated using a polyphasic approach. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Mycolic acids were present.

sp. nov., isolated from soil in Thailand.

A novel actinomycete strain, CT2-14, belonging to the genus , was isolated from a soil sample collected from Phichit Province, Thailand. The taxonomic position of the strain was characterized using a polyphasic approach. The strain grew at 15-40 °C (optimum, 28-37 °C), pH 6-11 (optimum, pH 6-8) and on an International Project 2 with 4 % (w/v) NaCl agar plate.

Actinomadura decatromicini sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil in Thailand.

A novel actinomycete strain CYP1-5 was isolated from the mountain soil sample collected from Chaiyaphum province, Thailand and its taxonomic position was clarified by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain CYP1-5 were consistent within the genus Actinomadura. Cell-wall peptidoglycan of this strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the wood-feeding lower termite .

Two strains of lactic acid bacteria, designated Hs20B0-1 and Hs30E4-3, were isolated from the gut of the damp-wood termite . These strains were characterized genetically and phenotypically. Strain Hs20B0-1 was related to DSM 6634 showing 96.

Determination of Plasmid pSN1216-29 Host Range and the Similarity in Oligonucleotide Composition Between Plasmid and Host Chromosomes.

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA that can be horizontally transferred between different bacterial cells by conjugation. Horizontal gene transfer of plasmids can promote rapid evolution and adaptation of bacteria by imparting various traits involved in antibiotic resistance, virulence, and metabolism to their hosts. The host range of plasmids is an important feature for understanding how they spread in environmental microbial communities.

sp. nov., isolated from meibum of human meibomian glands, and emended descriptions of and .

An anaerobic and aerotolerant bacterium, strain M12, was isolated from the meibum of inflamed human meibomian glands. Cells of the strain was Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods. Growth on trypticase soy agar plates supplemented with 5 % sheep blood was fastest at 30-37 °C under anaerobic conditions.

Division of functional roles for termite gut protists revealed by single-cell transcriptomes.

The microbiome in the hindgut of wood-feeding termites comprises various species of bacteria, archaea, and protists. This gut community is indispensable for the termite, which thrives solely on recalcitrant and nitrogen-poor wood. However, the difficulty in culturing these microorganisms has hindered our understanding of the function of each species in the gut.

sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the root of in Thailand.

An endophytic actinomycete, strain 3MP-10, isolated from the root of was taxonomically studied based upon polyphasic approaches. This strain formed spiral spore chains on aerial mycelia. ll-Diaminopimelic acid, glucose and ribose were found in the whole-cell hydrolysates.