Logistic regression analysis and machine learning for predicting post-stroke gait independence: a retrospective study.

This study investigated whether machine learning (ML) has better predictive accuracy than logistic regression analysis (LR) for gait independence at discharge in subacute stroke patients (n = 843) who could not walk independently at admission. We developed prediction models using LR and five ML algorithms-specifically, the decision tree (DT), support vector machine, artificial neural network, ensemble learning, and k-nearest neighbor methods. Functional Independence Measure sub-items were used to evaluate the ability to walk independently.

Blind Spots in Hospital Fall Prevention: Falls in Stroke Patients Occurred Not Only in Those at a High Risk of Falling.

Objectives: Although the standard falls prevention strategy is to identify and respond to patients with high-risk conditions, it remains unclear whether falls in patients with high fall risk account for most observed falls. In this study, fall risk and number of falls were calculated based on patients' motor and cognitive abilities, and the relationship between the two was examined.

Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study.

Risk Factors for Post-Stroke Pneumonia in a Patient Population with Subacute Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The risk of pneumonia and death is higher in acute stroke patients with signs of pulmonary infection on chest computed tomography (CT) at admission. However, few reports have examined the incidence of pneumonia and its predictors in subacute stroke patients. The aim of this study was to examine factors related to post-stroke pneumonia in subacute stroke patients.

Improvement of predictive accuracies of functional outcomes after subacute stroke inpatient rehabilitation by machine learning models.

Objectives: Stepwise linear regression (SLR) is the most common approach to predicting activities of daily living at discharge with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) in stroke patients, but noisy nonlinear clinical data decrease the predictive accuracies of SLR. Machine learning is gaining attention in the medical field for such nonlinear data. Previous studies reported that machine learning models, regression tree (RT), ensemble learning (EL), artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector regression (SVR), and Gaussian process regression (GPR), are robust to such data and increase predictive accuracies.

Impacts of increases and decreases of drugs on rehabilitation outcomes of subacute stroke patients.

Objective: To examine changes in drugs for subacute stroke patients and elucidate the impact of medications on rehabilitation outcomes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 295 subacute stroke patients who were admitted to the convalescent rehabilitation ward between June 2018 and May 2019 were included. Polypharmacy was defined as five or more drugs at admission.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Function of Community-Dwelling People with Disabilities in Japan.

In 2020, COVID-19 spread throughout the world, and international measures such as travel bans, quarantines, and increased social distancing were implemented. In Japan, the number of infected people increased, and a state of emergency was declared from 16 April to 25 May 2020. Such a change in physical activity could lead to a decline in physical function in people with disabilities.

Relationship between initial nutritional status and functional independence measures at discharge in subacute stroke.

Objective: This retrospective study examined the association between nutritional status at admission and functional independence measure (FIM™) at discharge.

Materials And Methods: This study included 205 patients, aged ≥ 65, discharged from a convalescent ward between April 2017 and March 2018. The primary outcome was discharge FIM, and the secondary outcomes were the length of stay (LOS) and FIM efficiency.

Changes in Corticospinal Excitability and Motor Control During Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Healthy Individuals.

Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) modulates the primary motor cortex (M1) via cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI), which affects motor control in humans. However, the effects of ctDCS on motor control are inconsistent because of an incomplete understanding of the real-time changes in the M1 excitability that occur during ctDCS, which determines motor output under regulation by the cerebellum. This study investigated changes in corticospinal excitability and motor control during ctDCS in healthy individuals.

Determinants of Step-through Gait Pattern Acquisition in Subacute Stroke Patients.

Objectives: Stroke patients may have a step-to gait pattern during the early stages of gait reacquisition. This gait provides stability, but it is slow and inefficient. Therefore, acquiring step-through gait is desirable for better efficiency as ability improves.

Cognitive function is associated with home discharge in subacute stroke patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Aim: To investigate the cognitive function and its relation to the home discharge of patients following subacute stroke.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1,229 convalescent patients experiencing their first subacute stroke. We determined discharge destination and demographic and clinical information.

Investigation of the Effect of Nutritional Supplementation with Whey Protein and Vitamin D on Muscle Mass and Muscle Quality in Subacute Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Patients: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

In post-stroke hemiparesis patients, the skeletal muscle mass decrease rapidly with the histological degradation. We investigated the effect of nutritional supplementation with whey protein and vitamin D on the muscle mass and muscle quality, in post-stroke convalescent rehabilitation patients in a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty patients were randomly assigned to two groups; HP group received supplemental jelly (100 kcal; whey protein 10 g; vitamin D 20 μg) twice a day throughout up to 16-week period, the control group received placebo jelly.

Comparison of the sit-up test and head-up tilt test for assessing blood pressure and hemodynamic responses in healthy young individuals.

Objective: The sit-up test is used to assess orthostatic hypotension, without the use of a tilt table, in populations who are unable to stand. The primary objective of this study was to determine the differences in blood pressure and hemodynamic responses between the sit-up and head-up tilt tests. The secondary objective was to determine the hemodynamic responses related to changes in blood pressure during each test.

Rehabilitation outcomes of stroke patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction in the subacute rehabilitation phase.

Objective: To examine the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with subacute stroke and compare rehabilitation outcomes between those with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and those without.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Subjects: A total of 482 consecutive patients with stroke admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation hospital.

Echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with stroke during the subacute rehabilitation phase.

Objective: To evaluate cardiac function using echocardiography in patients with stroke admitted to subacute rehabilitation units.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 750 consecutive patients with stroke who were admitted to a suburban rehabilitation hospital.