Automated System to Capture Patient Symptoms From Multitype Japanese Clinical Texts: Retrospective Study.

Background: Natural language processing (NLP) techniques can be used to analyze large amounts of electronic health record texts, which encompasses various types of patient information such as quality of life, effectiveness of treatments, and adverse drug event (ADE) signals. As different aspects of a patient's status are stored in different types of documents, we propose an NLP system capable of processing 6 types of documents: physician progress notes, discharge summaries, radiology reports, radioisotope reports, nursing records, and pharmacist progress notes.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the system's performance in detecting ADEs by evaluating the results from multitype texts.

Examination of the Suitability of Vericiguat in Non-Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Patients with Improved Ejection Fraction.

: Vericiguat has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality and hospitalisation for heart failure in patients with reduced ejection fraction. While Vericiguat is considered one of the standard treatments for heart failure, it is unclear under which conditions Vericiguat would be most effective. With a focus on the prognosis and improved EF of heart failure, we aimed to investigate in which cases Vericiguat is suitable for use in addition to standard cardioprotective drugs.

Predicting invasive disease-free survival in ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer using the PAM50 risk-of-recurrence score: a retrospective analysis using single-center long-term follow-up data of postmenopausal Japanese patients.

Background: The prognostic value of the risk-of-recurrence (ROR) score calculated using PAM50 has been validated using clinical trials and patient cohorts. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the PAM50 ROR score in Japanese patients with early breast cancer using long-term follow-up data.

Methods: We enrolled postmenopausal patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative, stage I-II breast cancer who had undergone surgery at the Kyoto University Hospital between 2008 and 2014.

Intra-patient spatial comparison of non-metastatic and metastatic lymph nodes reveals the reduction of CD169 macrophages by metastatic breast cancers.

Background: Breast cancer cells suppress the host immune system to efficiently invade the lymph nodes; however, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to comprehensively characterise the effects of breast cancers on immune cells in the lymph nodes.

Methods: We collected non-metastatic and metastatic lymph node samples from 6 patients with breast cancer with lymph node metastasis.

Remarkable remission of symptomatic dermatomyositis after curative breast cancer surgery.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease that causes proximal muscle weakness in the extremities leading to severe immobility and dysphagia. Approximately 20% of patients with DM are positive for anti-TIF-1γ antibody and frequently accompanied by malignant tumors. Although DM remission after tumor resection has been reported, the indications for surgery in patients with severe DM are unknown.

Image of a thawed frozen specimen obtained using a cryoprobe floated with oil droplets in normal saline: An endobronchial lipomatous hamartoma image.

Hereby, we present a rare case of a resected endobronchial tumour that floated or showed oil droplets in saline. In this study, we report an interesting image related to endobronchial lipomatous hamartoma cryotherapy.

Non-surgical ablation for breast cancer: an emerging therapeutic option.

Non-surgical ablation is emerging as an alternative local therapy option for patients with early-stage breast cancer and encompasses two main types of percutaneous therapeutic procedures: radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation. Both techniques involve obliteration of a spherical lesion and feasibility studies have shown that complete tumour ablation is achievable with good or excellent cosmetic results. Although few clinical studies have directly compared non-surgical ablation with conventional surgical resection, observational studies indicate that clinical outcomes are favourable with acceptable rates of local control and no detriment to long-term survival.

Real-World Patient Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Outcomes of HR+, HER2- Early Breast Cancer Patients in Japan: An Analysis with National Database(NDB).

Real-world evidence for clinical outcomes and treatment patterns in patients with hormone receptor-positive(HR+)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative(HER2-)early breast cancer(EBC)in Japan is limited. We aimed to provide recent evidence in this population using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Check-ups of Japan(NDB). Adults ≥20 years old who were diagnosed with HR+/HER2- breast cancer and underwent breast resection surgery were followed up.

Ultrafast Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI of the Breast: From Theory to Practice.

The development of ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced (UF-DCE) MRI has occurred in tandem with fast MRI scan techniques, particularly view-sharing and compressed sensing. Understanding the strengths of each technique and optimizing the relevant parameters are essential to their implementation. UF-DCE MRI has now shifted from research protocols to becoming a part of clinical scan protocols for breast cancer.

Fosfomycin as salvage therapy for persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: A case series and review of the literature.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia can be persistent and refractory; however, the optimal approach for its treatment has not been determined. Although fosfomycin (FOM) has been shown to have synergistic effects with anti-MRSA agents in vitro, clinical experience with FOM combination therapy is limited. Thus, we present cases of persistent MRSA bacteremia that improved with the addition of FOM.

A risk-based subgroup analysis of the effect of adjuvant S-1 in estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer.

Purpose: The Phase III POTENT trial demonstrated the efficacy of adding S-1 to adjuvant endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer. We investigated the efficacy of S-1 across different recurrence risk subgroups.

Methods: This was a post-hoc exploratory analysis of the POTENT trial.

Performance of dedicated breast PET in breast cancer screening: comparison with digital mammography plus digital breast tomosynthesis and ultrasound.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of dedicated breast positron emission tomography (dbPET) in breast cancer screening with digital mammography plus digital breast tomosynthesis (DM-DBT) and breast ultrasound (US).

Methods: Women who participated in opportunistic whole-body PET/computed tomography cancer screening programs with breast examinations using dbPET, DM-DBT, and US between 2016-2020, whose results were determined pathologically or by follow-up for at least 1 year, were included. DbPET, DM-DBT, and US assessments were classified into four diagnostic categories: A (no abnormality), B (mild abnormality), C (need for follow-up), and D (recommend further examination).

An exploratory study for tuft cells in the breast and their relevance in triple-negative breast cancer: the possible relationship of SOX9.

Background: Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous, suggesting that small but relevant subsets have been under-recognized. Rare and mainly triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) were recently found to exhibit tuft cell-like expression profiles, including POU2F3, the tuft cell master regulator. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has identified POU2F3-positive cells in the normal human breast, suggesting the presence of tuft cells in this organ.

Phase Ib/II study of nivolumab combined with palliative radiation therapy for bone metastasis in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

Radiation therapy (RT) can enhance the abscopal effect of immune checkpoint blockade. This phase I/II study investigated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus RT in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer requiring palliative RT for bone metastases. Cohort A included luminal-like disease, and cohort B included both luminal-like and triple-negative disease refractory to standard systemic therapy.

Breast cancer detection using volatile compound profiles in exhaled breath via selected ion-flow tube mass spectrometry.

This study aimed to evaluate volatile compounds in exhaled breath as a non-invasive screening method to detect breast neoplasms. Exhaled breath samples were collected from patients with breast cancer (BC;= 45) and non-breast cancer (NBC;= 51) controls. Selected ion-flow tube mass spectrometry was used to quantify the volatile compounds.

Unilateral Reduction of 18F-FDG Accumulation in Brown Adipose Tissue by Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis.

A 30-year-old woman with left breast cancer underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. Intense FDG uptake was observed in the primary lesion, as well as on the left side of the neck to the supraclavicular fossa and left paravertebral region. History taking revealed that she had undergone a right thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis, which resulted in attenuated FDG uptake in the right-sided brown adipose tissue (BAT).

Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer patients prescribed cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors: large-scale data analysis using a Japanese claims database.

Purpose: The aim was to understand real-world cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitor use in Japan.

Methods: This retrospective observational study used a Japanese administrative claims database and included patients with presumptive hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) prescribed CDK4 and 6 inhibitor therapy between December 2017 and March 2021. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and selected clinical and safety outcomes were descriptively summarized.