Oral Microbial Profile Analysis in Patients with Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Reveals That Tumoral Promotes Oral Cancer Progression by Activating YAP.

The incidence of oral cancer has recently been increasing worldwide, particularly among young individuals and women. The primary risk factors for head and neck cancers, including oral and pharyngeal cancers, are smoking, alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene, and repeated exposure to mechanical stimuli. However, approximately one-third of the patients with oral and pharyngeal cancers are neither smokers nor drinkers, which points to the existence of other mechanisms.

Risk factors for adverse events associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial pharyngeal cancer.

Background: Superficial pharyngeal cancer can be treated with curative intent while preserving function using minimally invasive peroral endoscopic resection techniques such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, severe adverse events occasionally occur, such as laryngeal edema requiring temporary tracheotomy and fistula formation. Therefore, we investigated the risk factors for adverse events associated with ESD for superficial pharyngeal cancer.

Clinical implications and optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A multicenter analysis of the therapeutic index.

Aims: Lymph node metastases (LNM) are associated with lethal prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Lymphadenectomy is crucial for accurate staging and hopes of possible oncological treatment. However, the therapeutic implications and optimal extent of lymphadenectomy remain contentious.

Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone as an initial sign of primary central nervous system lymphomas in the hypothalamus.

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) rarely originates in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic PCNSL can present with various symptoms specific to dysfunction of the hypothalamus, including consciousness disturbance, cognitive impairment, hypopituitarism, and diabetes insipidus (DI). However, it remains unclear whether syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) can present as an initial sign of hypothalamic PCNSL.

High intratumoral susceptibility signal grade on susceptibility-weighted imaging: a risk factor for hemorrhage after stereotactic biopsy.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association of preoperative intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) grade with hemorrhage after stereotactic biopsy (STB).

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 66 patients who underwent STB in their institution. Preoperative factors including age, sex, platelet count, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, activated thromboplastin time, antiplatelet agent use, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, target location, anesthesia type, and ITSS data were recorded.

Limb-shaking syndrome derived from the contralateral hemisphere following unilateral revascularisation for moyamoya disease.

Background: Moyamoya disease is a rare chronic steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease. It may have variable clinical symptoms associated with cerebral stroke, including motor paralysis, sensory disturbances, seizures, or headaches. However, patients with moyamoya disease rarely present with involuntary movement disorders, including limb-shaking syndrome, with no previous reports of limb-shaking syndrome occurring after revascularization procedures for this disease.

Impact of lymph node dissection on clinical outcomes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Inverse probability of treatment weighting with survival analysis.

Background: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) has been established as a critical risk factor for prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The clinical implications of lymph node dissection (LND) have been debated. This study aimed to clarify the prognostic impact of LND by multicenter retrospective analysis.

Preoperative prognostic nutritional index predicts postoperative infectious complications and oncological outcomes after hepatectomy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: In the surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), postoperative complications may be predictive of long-term survival. This study aimed to identify an immune-nutritional index (INI) that can be used for preoperative prediction of complications.

Patients And Methods: Multi-institutional data from 316 patients with ICC who had undergone surgical resection were retrospectively analysed, with a focus on various preoperative INIs.

A case of rapid deterioration in a subacute period after endoscopic third ventriculostomy.

Although generally a safe procedure, serious postoperative complications after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for obstructive hydrocephaly have been rarely reported, such as delayed obstruction of the stoma at the third ventricle floor. A 20-year-old male was referred to our department because of severe headache and diplopia. A pineal tumour and obstructive hydrocephaly were detected in preoperative imaging.

Oculomotor nerve palsy in pituitary apoplexy associated with pituitary adenoma: a radiological analysis with fast imaging employing with steady-state acquisition.

Purpose: Oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) occasionally occurs in cases of pituitary apoplexy (PA) associated with pituitary adenoma, but its mechanism remains unclear. Intracranial nerves are clearly visualized by fast-imaging employing with steady-state acquisition (FIESTA). Here, we assessed the oculomotor nerve compression in patients with PA associated with pituitary adenoma using FIESTA.

Spinal cord subependymoma mimicking syringomyelia in a child: a case report.

Spinal cord subependymomas (SCSEs) in children are extremely rare, and no reports distinguishing SCSEs from syringomyelia have been published. We report a case of a 10-year-old boy who presented with torticollis, scoliosis, as well as pain that had begun in the posterior portion of the neck and progressed to the right shoulder and upper arm. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intramedullary cyst-like lesion with the same signal intensity as that of cerebrospinal fluid.

Prognostic Utility of the Glasgow Prognostic Score for the Long-Term Outcomes After Liver Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Multi-institutional Study.

Objective: The usefulness of the modified Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) as a prognostic tool remains unclear for patients undergoing curative surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Therefore, this study investigated the prognostic usefulness of the GPS for patients who underwent ICC surgery.

Method: All ICC patients who had a curative-intent hepatectomy at 17 institutions between 2000 and 2016 were included.

Efficacy of surgical management for recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A multi-institutional study by the Okayama Study Group of HBP surgery.

Background: The prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has been poor, because of the high recurrence rate even after curative surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of surgical resection of recurrent ICC.

Patients And Methods: A total of 345 cases of ICC who underwent hepatectomy with curative intent in 17 institutions were retrospectively analyzed, focusing on recurrence patterns and treatment modalities for recurrent ICC.

Radiation-Induced Spinal Cord Cavernous Malformations Associated with Medulloblastoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Radiation-induced spinal cord cavernous malformations (CMs) are rare pathologies compared with radiation-induced cerebral CMs. We present a case of a radiation-induced spinal cord CM developed 31 years after radiation therapy for medulloblastoma.

Case Description: A 37-year-old man developed a symptomatic spinal hemorrhagic lesion 31 years after radiation therapy for medulloblastoma.

The Importance of STAT6 in a Schwannoma-like Grade III Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma Located in the Cerebellopontine Angle and Meckel's Cave.

Background: Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the brain that occurs in the central nervous system as a solitary fibrous tumor. Surgical treatment of HPC is known to be beneficial, but results on the role of complete resection and adjuvant radiation are conflicting. However, it is often difficult to detect a central nervous system solitary fibrous tumor/HPC before surgery.

Neuroprotective Effects of Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products in Brain Ischemia.

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is expressed on human brain endothelial cells (HBEC) and is implicated in neuronal cell death after ischemia. We report that endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) is a splicing variant form of RAGE that functions as a decoy against ischemia-induced neuronal cell damage. This study demonstrated that esRAGE was associated with heparan sulphate proteoglycans on HBEC.

Aquaporin 1 elicits cell motility and coordinates vascular bed formation by downregulating thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A in glioblastoma.

Background: Aquaporin (AQP) 1 expression has been linked with tumor malignancy but its role in glioblastoma (GBM), a lethal glioma, remains to be clarified.

Methods: AQP1 expression was examined in 33 human GBM specimens by immunohistochemistry. GBM cells (U251 and U87) that stably express AQP1 were established and used for cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and vascular tube formation assays.

Recurrent Spinal Intramedullary Arachnoid Cyst: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Symptomatic intramedullary arachnoid cysts are rarely observed lesions, particularly in the pediatric age group. Treatment includes cyst fenestration or resection of the cyst wall, and recurrence after surgery has never been reported. We report a rare case of a spinal intramedullary arachnoid cyst, which recurred after cyst fenestration and required reoperation after a certain period.

Progressively Enlarged Convexity Arachnoid Cysts in Elderly Patients: A Report of 2 Cases.

Background: Generally, enlargement of arachnoid cysts (ACs) has been found mostly in cases occurring during early childhood. Therefore, progressively enlarged ACs found to be symptomatic in elderly patients are extremely rare, and the mechanisms have remained unexplored.

Case Description: Our first patient was a 72-year-old woman with memory disturbance, who had presented with a large cyst beneath the right temporal convexity 9 years previously.

Two cases of primary supratentorial intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma with DICER1 mutation which may belong to a "spindle cell sarcoma with rhabdomyosarcoma-like feature, DICER1 mutant".

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma affecting children and adolescents. It is defined as a malignant neoplasm characterized by morphologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, or molecular genetic evidence of primary skeletal muscle differentiation, usually in the absence of any other pattern of differentiation. Primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma (PIRMS) is an extremely rare neoplasm, with only 60 cases reported in the literature, and generally has poor prognosis with an overall survival of only 9.

Entirely Suprasellar Rathke Cleft Cysts: Clinical Features and Surgical Efficacy of Endoscopic Endonasal Transtuberculum Sellae Approach.

Background: Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) arise from the remnant of Rathke pouch and are usually found in the intermediate lobe. In most cases, RCCs remain intrasellar and extend into the suprasellar region. Rarely, they emerge entirely into the suprasellar cistern-entirely suprasellar Rathke cleft cyst (ESSRCC).

Radiological and endocrinological evaluations with grading of hypothalamic perifocal edema caused by craniopharyngiomas.

Introduction: Hypophysial and hypothalamic dysfunction caused by craniopharyngioma is a serious problem despite the progress of surgical approaches and techniques. Perifocal edema induced by craniopharyngioma could be speculated as a potential factor resulting in pre- and post-operative hypophysial and hypothalamic dysfunction, as well as, their anatomical involvement.

Methods: Medical records of 54 patients with craniopharyngioma were retrospectively reviewed.