Renoprotective effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker, candesartan cilexetil, in patients with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease.

Background: To investigate the renoprotective effects and safety of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) for patients with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease.

Methods: An ARB, candesartan cilexetil, was administered to 13 patients (ARB group, n = 7; control group, n = 6) with a serum creatinine level of 2.52-5.

Induction of anti-carbonic-anhydrase-II antibody causes renal tubular acidosis in a mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome.

Background/aim: We recently reported that renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) is associated with high titers of an autoantibody against carbonic anhydrase (CA) II, an important enzyme in renal acid-base regulation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a CA-II antibody could cause RTA in a mouse model of SjS.

Methods: PL/J mice were immunized with human CA II to induce CA II antibody formation, whereas controls were injected with phosphate-buffered saline and adjuvant.