Computed Tomography Renal Volumetry Better Predicts Postoperative Donor Renal Function in Live Kidney Donor Transplantation than Renal Scintigraphy: A Comparative Study.

Introduction And Objectives: Both computed tomography (CT) and renal scintigraphy (RS) have been used to assess vascular anatomy, renal status, and split renal function (SRF). In this study, we used a recently developed software that facilitates renal volumetric evaluations to compare RS and automated CT volumetry for assessing residual renal function and, thus, estimating postoperative renal function after donor nephrectomy.

Methods: Fifty-one cases of donor nephrectomy were analyzed.

Severe lactic acidosis with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis due to metformin overdose.

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a well-known metformin treatment complication; however, the development of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) has rarely been reported. Here we report a case of lactic acidosis and euDKA after metformin overdose. A 57-year-old female patient was transferred to our hospital with severe metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury.

Evaluation of Suspected Autosomal Alport Syndrome Synonymous Variants.

Background: Alport syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by progressive renal disease, variable sensorineural hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. Although many pathogenic variants in and have been identified in patients with autosomal Alport syndrome, synonymous mutations in these genes have rarely been identified.

Methods: We conducted splicing analysis using Human Splicing Finder (HSF) and Alamut to predict splicing domain strength and disruption of the sites.

Role of the new bioimpedance monitoring device (Seca) in assessing dry weight in hemodialysis patients.

Background: In recent years, bioimpedance analysis has come to be widely used in clinical practice for dialysis patients, but there is not sufficient consensus on its significance. We aimed to examine the merits of performing bioimpedance analysis in addition to conventional evaluation methods for dry weight such as measuring human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), blood pressure, and cardiothoracic ratio in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Methods: Body composition of 78 hemodialysis patients was performed by using a new and more accurate segmental multifrequency bioimpedance analysis device (Seca medical body composition analyzer 525, Seca GmbH & Co.

A case of systemic sarcoidosis with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis showing predominant deposition of IgG in the mesangial region.

A 37-year-old African-British man was referred to our hospital for detailed examination because of persistent fever, swelling and pain in both ankle joints, and blurred vision for two months. Inguinal lymph node biopsy showed a large number of epithelioid granulomas without necrosis. Granulomatous anterior uveitis, nephropathy, high serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, and high serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor were observed, and the diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis was made.

Efficacy of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockades for acute phase hypertensive emergencies in patient complicating severe acute kidney injury.

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is primarily involved with pathological mechanism of developing hypertensive emergencies. However, none of clinical practice guidelines mention RAAS blockers for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. A 44 year-old woman presented with severe hypertension, brain stem posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and severe acute kidney injury (AKI).

Assessing urine ammonium concentration by urine osmolal gap in chronic kidney disease.

Acidemia is one of the risk factors for end-stage kidney disease and increases the mortality rate of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although urinary ammonium (U-NH ) is the crucial component of renal acid excretion, U-NH concentration is not routinely measured. To estimate U-NH , urine osmolal gap (UOG = urine osmolality - [2(Na + K ) + urea + glucose]) is calculated and the formula (U-NH  = UOG/2) has traditionally been used.

Development of acute kidney injury with massive granular casts and microscopic hematuria in patients with COVID-19: two case presentations with literature review.

Background: Complications of acute kidney injury (AKI) are common in patients with coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). However, clinical characteristics of COVID-19-associated AKI are poorly described. We present two cases of severe COVID-19 patients with AKI.

Hyponatremia presenting with hourly fluctuating urine osmolality.

Summary: The etiology of hyponatremia is assessed based on urine osmolality and sodium. We herein describe a 35-year-old Asian man with pulmonary tuberculosis and perforated duodenal ulcer who presented with hyponatremia with hourly fluctuating urine osmolality ranging from 100 to 600 mosmol/kg, which resembled urine osmolality observed in typical polydipsia and SIADH simultaneously. Further review revealed correlation of body temperature and urine osmolality.

Renal Transplantation with Simultaneous Aortoiliac Reconstruction Using a Polytetrafluoroethylene Vascular Graft for Severe Atherosclerosis.

Studies on aortoiliac reconstruction for severe atherosclerosis with renal transplantation are limited. Here, we report a rare experience of the simultaneous reconstruction of the external iliac artery caused by severe atherosclerosis with polytetrafluoroethylene vascular graft and renal transplantation in a 55-year-old female; she was unable to undergo standard renal artery anastomosis to the right external iliac artery because of severe atherosclerosis, which would result in complete occlusion. Next, we directly anastomosed the donor renal artery to the polytetrafluoroethylene graft.

A low initial serum sodium level is associated with an increased risk of overcorrection in patients with chronic profound hyponatremia: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Even with abundant evidence for osmotic demyelination in patients with hyponatremia, the risk factors for overcorrection have not been fully investigated. Therefore the purpose of this study is to clarify the risks for overcorrection during the treatment of chronic profound hyponatremia.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective observational study.

Pamidronate-induced kidney injury in a patient with metastatic breast cancer.

The American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends bisphosphonate use, such as intravenous pamidronate, for women with breast cancer who have radiographic evidence of bone destruction. However, pamidronate therapy has been associated with the development of the nephrotic syndrome. This renal abnormality has been posited to be due to a number of different mechanisms, including collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).