[Discrimination thresholds for recognizing facial emotions: mostly higher among the elderly].

Elderly people have lower ability for recognizing facial emotions than younger people. Previous studies showed that older adults had difficulty in recognizing anger, sadness and fear, but there were no consistent results for happiness, surprise and disgust. Most of these studies used a small number of stimuli, and tabulated the number of correct responses for facial expressions.

The pathophysiology of prospective memory failure after diffuse axonal injury--lesion-symptom analysis using diffusion tensor imaging.

Background: Prospective memory (PM) is one of the most important cognitive domains in everyday life. The neuronal basis of PM has been examined by a large number of neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies, and it has been suggested that several cerebral domains contribute to PM. For these activation studies, a constellation of experimental PM trials was developed and adopted to healthy subjects.

Brain activations in errorless and errorful learning in patients with diffuse axonal injury: a functional MRI study.

Primary Objective: Errorless learning has been reported to be effective in the rehabilitation of patients with impaired cognitive functions following brain injury. This study compared brain activations in errorless learning (EL) and errorful learning (EF) in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods And Procedures: The participants were 13 patients with DAI.

Functional interactions between the cerebellum and the premotor cortex for error correction during the slow rate force production task: an fMRI study.

Although neuroimaging studies indicate that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal changes in the cerebellum (CB) during the performance of a target movement reflect functions of error detection and correction, it is not well known how the CB intervenes in task-demanded movement attributes during automated on-line movement, i.e., how the CB simultaneously coordinates movement rate and error correction.

Familiarity effect on retrieval: a neuropsychological case study.

NM, who suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), was compared with a diffuse axonal injury (DAI) patient on tasks of free recall, cued recall and recognition memory. We manipulated the familiarity of items to explore the effects of item strength on retrieval. On free recall, NM performed best during the high-familiarity picture condition.

Modulations of input-output properties of corticospinal tract neurons by repetitive dynamic index finger abductions.

The goal of this study was to investigate how corticospinal tract neurons (CTNs) are modulated after repetitive dynamic muscle contractions. To address this question, changes of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to transcranial magnetic stimulation and background EMG (B.EMG) activities were examined.

Brain activation during manipulation of the myoelectric prosthetic hand: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Neuroimaging data, particularly functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings, have not been reported in users of the myoelectric or electromyographic (EMG) prosthetic hand. We developed a virtual EMG prosthetic hand system to eliminate mutual signal noise interference between fMRI imaging and the EMG prosthesis. We used fMRI to localize activation in the human brain during manipulation of the virtual EMG prosthetic hand.