Dysregulation of PI4P in the trans Golgi regions activates the mammalian Golgi stress response.

The Golgi stress response is an important cytoprotective system that enhances Golgi function in response to cellular demand, while cells damaged by prolonged Golgi stress undergo cell death. OSW-1, a natural compound with anticancer activity, potently inhibits OSBP that transports cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) at contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Previously, we reported that OSW-1 induces the Golgi stress response, resulting in Golgi stress-induced transcription and cell death.

Molecular Characterization of the MoxR AAA+ ATPase of sp. Strain NKBG15041c.

We isolated a stress-tolerance-related gene from a genome library of sp. NKBG15041c. The expression of the gene in confers resistance against various stresses.

Developing a new host-vector system for .

spp. are known for their radiation resistance, toxic compound removal, and production of valuable substances. Therefore, developing gene expression systems for spp.

Identification of two critical amino acid residues in short-chain aldehyde-responsive odorant receptors.

Mammalian odorant receptors (ORs) are crucial for detecting a broad spectrum of odorants, yet their functional expression poses a significant challenge, often requiring Receptor-transporting proteins (RTPs). This study examines mouse Olfr733 and Olfr732, which, despite high homology, show different functional expression profiles in heterologous cell systems. Our research aimed to identify key amino acids impacting Olfr733's functional expression.

Cellular Penetration and Intracellular Dynamics of Perfluorocarbon-Conjugated DNA/RNA as a Potential Means of Conditional Nucleic Acid Delivery.

Nucleic acid-based therapeutics represent a novel approach for controlling gene expression. However, a practical delivery system is required that overcomes the poor cellular permeability and intercellular instability of nucleic acids. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are highly stable structures that can readily traverse the lipid membrane of cells.

Optimizing Exosome Preparation Based on Size and Morphology: Insights From Electron Microscopy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are crucial in intercellular communication, but differentiating between exosomes and microvesicles is challenging due to their similar morphology and size. This study focuses on multivesicular bodies (MVBs), where exosomes mature, and optimizes exosome isolation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for size information. Considering that EVs are nanocolloidal particles, a salt-free Bis-Tris buffer is found to maintain EV integrity better than phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).

Antagonistic interactions between odorants alter human odor perception.

The olfactory system uses hundreds of odorant receptors (ORs), the largest group of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, to detect a vast array of odorants. Each OR is activated by specific odorous ligands, and like other GPCRs, antagonism can block activation of ORs. Recent studies suggest that odorant antagonisms in mixtures influence olfactory neuron activities, but it is unclear how this affects perception of odor mixtures.

Identification and Characterization of Proteins That Are Involved in RTP1S-Dependent Transport of Olfactory Receptors.

Olfaction is mediated via olfactory receptors (ORs) that are expressed on the cilia membrane of olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium. The functional expression of most ORs requires the assistance of receptor-transporting proteins (RTPs). We examined the interactome of RTP1S and OR via proximity biotinylation.

Cystine and tyrosine feed reduces oxidative and ER stress in CHO cells.

Multi-omics analyses was performed to compare the conditions of adding Tyr and Cystine in CHO cells. The addition of cystine resulted in decreased viability and productivity owing to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the promotion of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and apoptosis. In contrast, addition of Tyr suppressed ER stress and apoptosis.

Detection of anti-feline infectious peritonitis virus activity of a Chinese herb extract using geneLEAD VIII, a fully automated nucleic acid extraction/quantitative PCR testing system.

The geneLEAD VIII is a fully-automated nucleic acid extraction/quantitative PCR equipment developed by Precision System Science Co., Ltd., (PSS).

CDMOs Play a Critical Role in the Biopharmaceutical Ecosystem.

Biopharmaceutical industries have advanced significantly after the millennium. Novel biopharmaceuticals have been developed one after another, and blockbuster drugs have been produced. Accompanying the increase in the demand for biopharmaceuticals, a business model called "contract development manufacturing organization (CDMO)" has emerged.

Development of an odorant sensor with a cell-free synthesized olfactory receptor and a graphene field-effect transistor.

Animals sense odorants using olfactory receptors. Many trials have been conducted to develop artificial odorant sensors using olfactory receptors. However, the development has been hindered by the difficulty in obtaining olfactory receptors.

Hot Spot Mutagenesis Improves the Functional Expression of Unique Mammalian Odorant Receptors.

Vertebrate animals detect odors through olfactory receptors (ORs), members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Due to the difficulty in the heterologous expression of ORs, studies of their odor molecule recognition mechanisms have progressed poorly. Functional expression of most ORs in heterologous cells requires the co-expression of their chaperone proteins, receptor transporting proteins (RTPs).

Oligomeric Structural Transition of HspB1 from Chinese Hamster.

HspB1 is a mammalian sHsp that is ubiquitously expressed in almost all tissues and involved in regulating many vital functions. Although the recent crystal structure of human HspB1 showed that 24 monomers form the oligomeric complex of human HspB1 in a spherical configuration, the molecular architecture of HspB1 is still controversial. In this study, we examined the oligomeric structural change of CgHspB1 by sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation.

Single polypeptide detection using a translocon EXP2 nanopore.

DNA sequencing using nanopores has already been achieved and commercialized; the next step in advancing nanopore technology is towards protein sequencing. Although trials have been reported for discriminating the 20 amino acids using biological nanopores and short peptide carriers, it remains challenging. The size compatibility between nanopores and peptides is one of the issues to be addressed.

Split conformation of Chaetomium thermophilum Hsp104 disaggregase.

Hsp104 and its bacterial homolog ClpB form hexameric ring structures and mediate protein disaggregation. The disaggregated polypeptide is thought to thread through the central channel of the ring. However, the dynamic behavior of Hsp104 during disaggregation remains unclear.

Isolation of cyanide-degrading bacteria and molecular characterization of its cyanide-degrading nitrilase.

Hydrogen cyanide is an industrially important chemical, and its annual production is more than 1.5 million tons. Because of its toxicity, the cyanide-containing effluents from industries have caused many environmental problems.

Effect of the disulfide isomerase PDIa4 on the antibody production of Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies recognize and bind specific molecules on the surface of target cells, stimulating the immune system, which can attack these targeted cells. These antibodies are produced by mammalian cells, including Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, because the formation of antibodies requires complicated posttranslational modifications, including peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerization, disulfide bond formation, and glycosylation. Currently, it is thought that the efficient production of secretory proteins is limited by posttranslational processes.

Liver-Oriented Acute Metabolic Effects of A Low Dose of L-Carnitine under Fat-Mobilizing Conditions: Pilot Human Clinical Trial.

The acute metabolic effect of low dosages of L-carnitine under fat-mobilizing conditions was investigated. Healthy subjects (Study 1: n=5; Study 2: n=6) were asked to fast overnight. Then, 30 min of aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer was performed after supplementation, followed by a 3.

Concentration-Dependent Recruitment of Mammalian Odorant Receptors.

A fundamental challenge in studying principles of organization used by the olfactory system to encode odor concentration information has been identifying comprehensive sets of activated odorant receptors (ORs) across a broad concentration range inside freely behaving animals. In mammals, this has recently become feasible with high-throughput sequencing-based methods that identify populations of activated ORs In this study, we characterized the mouse OR repertoires activated by the two odorants, acetophenone (ACT) and 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), from 0.01% to 100% (v/v) as starting concentrations using phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 capture followed by RNA-Seq.

Structural instability and divergence from conserved residues underlie intracellular retention of mammalian odorant receptors.

Mammalian odorant receptors are a diverse and rapidly evolving set of G protein-coupled receptors expressed in olfactory cilia membranes. Most odorant receptors show little to no cell surface expression in nonolfactory cells due to endoplasmic reticulum retention, which has slowed down biochemical studies. Here we provide evidence that structural instability and divergence from conserved residues of individual odorant receptors underlie intracellular retention using a combination of large-scale screening of odorant receptors cell surface expression in heterologous cells, point mutations, structural modeling, and machine learning techniques.

Immobilization of Cholesterol Oxidase from Streptomyces Sp. on Magnetite Silicon Dioxide by Crosslinking Method for Cholesterol Oxidation.

Enzymatic biosensor has been paid much attention to the research fields due to its advantage in medical application. As one of the application, we determined the optimum value of cholesterol oxidase against cholesterol. In this work, we studied the behavior of cholesterol oxidation by enzymatic reaction to get the optimum condition for cholesterol oxidation.

Purification and characterization of proteins in multifloral honey from kelulut bee (stingless bee).

The kelulut bee () is a subfamily of stingless bees that produce honey. A total of 89 species out of a total of 500 species of kelulut bees are known to originate from the Indo-Australian region. Kelulut bees do not have quality standards so they still refer to the Codex and EU Directive which basically only applied for honey.