Thoracic Re-irradiation With Definitive External Beam Radiation Therapy Using Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy: A Case Report.

Thoracic re-irradiation has a high risk of severe adverse events, and re-irradiation with curative intent has rarely been performed. However, in recent years, with the introduction of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy, it has become possible to deliver high doses to the target lesions while minimizing the doses to surrounding tissues. The patient in this case had a history of definitive radiation therapy for esophageal cancer.

Proteasome dysfunction mediates obesity-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in the liver.

Chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major contributor to obesity-induced insulin resistance in the liver. However, the molecular link between obesity and ER stress remains to be identified. Proteasomes are important multicatalytic enzyme complexes that degrade misfolded and oxidized proteins.

Metformin prevents and reverses inflammation in a non-diabetic mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background: Optimal treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not yet been established, particularly for individuals without diabetes. We examined the effects of metformin, commonly used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes, on liver pathology in a non-diabetic NASH mouse model.

Methodology/principal Findings: Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient plus high fat (MCD+HF) diet with or without 0.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes: assessment using a meal tolerance test under clinical conditions.

1. Few studies have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of rapid-acting insulin analogues in patients with Type 2 diabetes, especially under clinical conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin aspart in Type 2 diabetic patients who were being treated with the analogue alone.

Tranilast, an antifibrogenic agent, ameliorates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Unlabelled: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and is one of the most common liver diseases in the developed world. The histological findings of NASH are characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, an optimal treatment for NASH has not been established.

Olmesartan ameliorates a dietary rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through its pleiotropic effects.

Insulin resistance is a major pathological condition associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance and the renin-angiotensin system are intimately linked. We evaluated the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance-associated, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by using the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker olmesartan medoxomil in a diabetic rat model.

Insulin resistance accelerates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background & Aims: The increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is due to the epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes, both of which are associated with insulin resistance.

Methods: To clarify the causal relationship between insulin resistance and the development of NASH, steatohepatitis was induced in obese diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and nondiabetic control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats by feeding them a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Insulin sensitivity of the rats was altered by adding a high-fat (HF) diet or the peroxisomal-proliferator activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone to the MCD diet.