Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus 3 days after initiating sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor while on an extremely low carbohydrate diet: A case report.

This paper presents a case with type 2 diabetes mellitus on a very-low-carbohydrate diet who developed euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) 3 days after starting sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). When initiating SGLT2i, healthcare providers should confirm the implementation of a low-carbohydrate diet and provide intensive guidance to prevent EDKA.

Roles of Transmembrane Protein 97 (TMEM97) in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle.

The combination of sarcopenia and obesity (sarcopenic obesity) is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events. The molecular pathways that develop sarcopenic obesity have studied intensively. Transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97) is 176 amino acids conserved integral membrane protein with four transmembrane domains that is expressed in several types of cancer.

Case of subcutaneous insulin resistance syndrome treated with ultra-rapid insulin lispro.

Subcutaneous insulin resistance syndrome is a rare condition that causes difficulty in glycemic control due to severe resistance to subcutaneous insulin injections. We herein present a case of a 40-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had been diagnosed with subcutaneous insulin resistance syndrome since the age of 29 years, and had been persistently treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using a mixture of insulin lispro and heparin. The patient was switched from insulin lispro plus heparin to ultra-rapid insulin lispro; given that it contains treprostinil and citrate, it is expected to have similar effects as heparin, and shows similar glucose-lowering effects and insulin absorption.

Successful treatment by mycophenolate mofetil in a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

It has been reported that cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment may be associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. We report a 16-year-old man who exhibited nephrotic syndrome and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Intensive antihypertensive therapy restored him to consciousness.

Structural design and synthesis of arylalkynyl amide-type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-selective antagonists based on the helix12-folding inhibition hypothesis.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonists are candidates for treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity and osteoporosis. However, few rational design strategies are currently available. Here, we utilized the helix12 (H12)-folding inhibition hypothesis, in combination with our previously determined X-ray crystal structure of PPARγ agonist MEKT-21 (6) complexed with the PPARγ ligand-binding domain, to design and develop a potent phenylalkynyl amide-type PPARγ antagonist 9i, focusing initially on pinpoint structural modification of the propanoic acid moiety of 6.

Prednisolone markedly reduced serum IgG4 levels along with the improvement of pituitary mass and anterior pituitary function in a patient with IgG4-related infundibulo-hypophysitis.

In 2011 a 76 year-old man with a medical history of diabetes, hypertension and autoimmune pancreatitis was admitted to our hospital because of anorexia, general malaise and repeated hypoglycemia. When he was 72 years old, he suffered from pancreatitis, and pancreas head tumor was operated. IgG4-related pancreatitis was diagnosed histopathologically.

Interferon regulatory factor 4 regulates obesity-induced inflammation through regulation of adipose tissue macrophage polarization.

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play functionally diverse roles in the transcriptional regulation of the immune system. We have previously shown that several IRFs are regulators of adipogenesis and that IRF4 is a critical transcriptional regulator of adipocyte lipid handling. However, the functional role of IRF4 in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) remains unclear, despite high expression there.