Microglia Negatively Regulate the Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Isolated from Poststroke Mouse Brains.

We previously demonstrated that neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) were induced within and around the ischemic areas in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. These injury/ischemia-induced NSPCs (iNSPCs) differentiated to electrophysiologically functional neurons in vitro, indicating the presence of a self-repair system following injury. However, during the healing process after stroke, ischemic areas were gradually occupied by inflammatory cells, mainly microglial cells/macrophages (MGs/MΦs), and neurogenesis rarely occurred within and around the ischemic areas.

Change in chorda tympani nerve function after two-stage tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma.

Objectives: Chorda tympani nerve (CTN) function may be damaged more by two-stage than by one-stage surgery for middle ear cholesteatoma. However, few studies have reported the relationship between two-stage cholesteatoma surgery and CTN function. This study aimed to investigate CTN function after two-stage surgery for cholesteatoma.

Nationwide survey of middle ear cholesteatoma surgery cases in Japan: Results from the Japan Otological society registry using the JOS staging and classification system.

Objective: This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of middle ear cholesteatoma and to investigate short-term outcomes regarding the rates of residual and recurrent cholesteatoma and the postoperative hearing results in Japan, via a nationwide survey using staging and classification criteria for middle ear cholesteatoma, as proposed by the Japan Otological Society (JOS).

Methods: The first-round survey was conducted in 2016. The target was patients with middle ear cholesteatoma who were surgically treated in Japan between January and December 2015.

IL-12 regulates the expansion, phenotype, and function of murine NK cells activated by IL-15 and IL-18.

NK cells, which are composed of phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subpopulations, play critical roles in immunity against cancer. The mechanism of generation of distinct subsets such as the effector and regulatory subtypes is unclear. Here, we show that this process comprises several steps, including generation of proliferating, highly cytotoxic cells activated by IL-15/IL-18 and differentiation into distinct cell populations induced with IL-12.

Efficacy and Safety of Polaprezinc (Zinc Compound) on Zinc Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Using Individual Patient Data.

Zinc intake is recommended for zinc deficiency. In clinical practice, polaprezinc has been used as a zinc replacement therapy for zinc deficiency. However, the efficacy of polaprezinc has not been established.

Earlier recovery of lingual dysfunction after middle ear surgery in pediatric versus adult patients.

Objectives: It is generally thought that the recovery of damaged chorda tympani nerve (CTN) function after middle ear surgery is different in pediatric patients from that in adult patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes and the progress of taste and somatosensory functions of the tongue after middle ear surgery in pediatric patients compared with those of adult patients.

Study Design: Prospective study.

International Collaborative Assessment of the Validity of the EAONO-JOS Cholesteatoma Staging System.

Objective: Assessment of validity of the Japanese Otological Society and the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology (EAONO-JOS) cholesteatoma staging system (EJS) through international collaboration to investigate: (a) feasibility of retrospectively staging previously acquired data, (b) strengths and weaknesses of the staging system.

Method: Nine centers with prospective cholesteatoma databases were recruited. Cases were allocated to EJS Stage at each center using details from time of initial surgery.

Volume-rendered computed tomography images of the surgical field for endolymphatic sac surgery.

Purpose: Identification of the endolymphatic sac has failed occasionally. Postoperative complications have also rarely been reported. Given a safer and more reliable surgery, preoperative anatomical assessments are valuable, however, the vestibular aqueduct has seldom been seen with multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) computed tomography (CT) images yet.

Nationwide survey of congenital cholesteatoma using staging and classification criteria for middle ear cholesteatoma proposed by the Japan Otological Society.

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the characteristics of congenital cholesteatoma (CC) in Japan, via a nationwide survey using staging and classification criteria for middle ear cholesteatoma, as proposed by the Japan Otological Society (JOS).

Methods: A nationwide survey regarding middle ear cholesteatoma treated in 2015 was performed. There were 1787 registrations from 74 facilities, among which, CC accounted for 12.

Nasal Symptom Questionnaire: Our Proposed Scoring System and Prognostic Factors in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Objectives: We aimed to verify the usefulness of our proposed nasal symptom questionnaire (NSQ) scoring system and to determine predictors linked to the improvement in nasal symptoms in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Patients And Methods: Ninety-one CRS patients undergoing ESS and 144 volunteers with results of NSQ available were enrolled. The NSQ consists of 10 items.

Relationship Between p16 Expression and Prognosis in Patients with Oropharyngeal Cancer Undergoing Surgery.

Background/aim: Prognostic impact of p16 expression in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) undergoing surgery is not fully examined. The aim of this study was to clarify these issues.

Patients And Methods: Sixty-four OSCC subjects were analyzed.

Bone-conducted Vestibular-evoked Myogenic Potentials Before and After Stapes Surgery.

Objective: To identify whether stapes surgery causes otolith dysfunction using bone-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs).

Study Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital.

Usefulness of our proposed olfactory scoring system during endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Introduction: The primary aim of the current study was to examine the usefulness of our proposed olfactory scoring system in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with olfactory disorders (n = 213) receiving endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Materials And Methods: Analyzed patients were divided into two groups: an eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) group (n = 153); and a non-ECRS group (n = 60). The T&T recognition threshold test was used to evaluate olfaction at baseline and at 3 and 12 months after ESS.

Change of somatosensory function of the tongue caused by chorda tympani nerve disorder after stapes surgery.

Objectives: Patients after middle ear surgery often complain of taste disturbance and a lingual numbness. The purpose of this study was to objectively assess changes in the somatosensation of the tongue and taste function in patients undergoing stapes surgery.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Practicality analysis of the staging system proposed by the Japan Otological Society for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma: A multicenter study of 446 surgical cases in Japan.

Objective: The Objective of this study was to assess the practicality of the cholesteatoma staging system proposed by the Japan Otological Society (JOS) for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma (the 2010 JOS staging system).

Methods: Between 2009 and 2010, 446 ears with retraction pocket cholesteatoma underwent primary surgery at 6 institutions in Japan. The extent of cholesteatoma was surgically confirmed, and classified into three stages.

EAONO/JOS Joint Consensus Statements on the Definitions, Classification and Staging of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma.

The European Academy of Otology and Neurotology (EAONO) has previously published a consensus document on the definitions and classification of cholesteatoma. It was based on the Delphi consensus methodology involving the broad EAONO membership. At the same time, the Japanese Otological Society (JOS) had been working independently on the "Classification and Staging of Cholesteatoma.

Usefulness of the Saccharin Test for Assessment of Eustachian Tube Function in Patients With Chronic Otitis Media With Perforation.

Objective: The eustachian tube (ET) has two important functions, ventilation and clearance of the middle ear. We evaluated the ET ventilator function by the sonotubometry and the inflation-deflation test that are widely used today, and the ET clearance function by the saccharin test. Results of both tests were compared with surgical outcomes, and assessed which test was more closely related to the surgical outcomes.

Staging and classification criteria for middle ear cholesteatoma proposed by the Japan Otological Society.

In order to provide a basis for meaningful exchange of information among those treating cholesteatoma, the Committee on Nomenclature of the Japan Otological Society (JOS) was appointed in 2004 to create a cholesteatoma staging system as simple as possible to use in clinical practice in Japan. Following the announcement of preliminary criteria for the staging of pars flaccida (attic) cholesteatoma in 2008, we proposed the 2010 JOS staging system for two major types of retraction pocket cholesteatoma, pars flaccida and pars tensa cholesteatoma. Since then, the JOS staging system has been widely used in clinical studies of cholesteatoma in Japan, allowing standardization in reporting of surgical outcomes based on the respective stages of cholesteatoma.

An unexpected skin ulcer and soft tissue necrosis after the nonconcurrent combination of proton beam therapy and pazopanib: A case of myxofibrosarcoma.

We herein report the case of a patient presenting with myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) who underwent treatment with surgery, proton beam therapy (PBT), and pazopanib. A 64-year-old male was diagnosed with MFS, which ranged from the posterior neck to the shoulder. Surgery was performed as an initial treatment; however, the primary tumor recurred 83 months after the initial treatment.

Clinical Study of 1,515 Patients Presenting with Epistaxis Over the Last 6 Years.

Aim: This study reviews our clinical experience of patients with epistaxis and discusses proper management.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively investigated 1,515 patients with epistaxis treated in our department between 2005 and 2010.

Results: Men over 50 years old predominated.

Correlation between olfactory acuity and sinonasal radiological findings in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the correlation between olfactory disorder severity and radiological findings in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the preoperative stage.

Methods: From 2007 to 2014, 272 adult patients (163 men, 109 women; age range 22-80 years) with olfactory disorder due to bilateral CRS who were scheduled to undergo primary endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were enrolled. Two groups were studied: eosinophilic CRS (ECRS, n=193); and non-ECRS (n=79).

Surgical results and psychological status in patients with intractable Ménière's disease.

Objectives: Mental disorder is often one of the causes to make treatments for Ménière's disease more difficult. The aim in the present study is to examine ratios of the neurosis and depression in patients with intractable Ménière's disease and also relationships between the ratios and surgical results after endolymphatic sac drainage with large doses of steroids.

Methods: Between 1998 and 2009, we enrolled 263 intractable Ménière's patients and divided into two groups, 207 in surgical group and 56 in non-surgical group.

[A Clinical Study of 109 Cases of Glottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma].

A total of 109 patients with glottic squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively evaluated at Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital between 2003 and 2010; 106 patients were male and 3 patients were female, with a median age of 69 years (range, 51-90 years). According to the 7th edition of the Union for International Cancer Control TNM classification, the clinical TN stages were T1aN0 in 47 cases, T1aN1 in 1 case, T1aN2a in 1 case, T1bN0 in 19 cases, T3N0 in 11 cases, T4aN in 5 cases, and T4aN2b in 1 case. No distant metastasis was observed in any cases at initial treatment.

[A Case of Tongue Carcinoma Resection and Reconstruction with Microsurgical Free Flap during Pregnancy].

Malignant tumors during pregnancy are rarely seen by otolaryngologists, and they cause various problems which require special treatment with careful consideration of both the mother and fetus. Cases of tongue carcinoma resection and reconstruction with a microsurgical free flap during pregnancy have not previously been reported in Japan. We report herein on a case, in which the mother and her child made satisfactory progress after surgery.

Changes in transient receptor potential channels in the rat geniculate ganglion after chorda tympani nerve injury.

We reported differential expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and the (TRPM8) in the geniculate ganglions (GGs) of naive rats. In medical practice, the chorda tympani nerve (CTN) is injured in some patients during middle-ear surgery, and results in tongue numbness and taste disorder. We investigated changes in the expression of these receptors in GGs after CTN injury.