Development and effectiveness of an educational program to foster psychological safety: A randomized controlled trial focusing on care workers in geriatric care facilities.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a program for improving interpersonal relationships to foster psychological safety among geriatric care workers. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 192 care workers in seven geriatric care facilities. Participants were divided into intervention or control groups; intervention groups attended a 60-minute program twice.

An alternative hypothesis to the widely held view that renal excretion of sodium accounts for resistance to salt-induced hypertension.

It is widely held that in response to high salt diets, normal individuals are acutely and chronically resistant to salt-induced hypertension because they rapidly excrete salt and retain little of it so that their blood volume, and therefore blood pressure, does not increase. Conversely, it is also widely held that salt-sensitive individuals develop salt-induced hypertension because of an impaired renal capacity to excrete salt that causes greater salt retention and blood volume expansion than that which occurs in normal salt-resistant individuals. Here we review results of both acute and chronic salt-loading studies that have compared salt-induced changes in sodium retention and blood volume between normal subjects (salt-resistant normotensive control subjects) and salt-sensitive subjects.

Vasodysfunction That Involves Renal Vasodysfunction, Not Abnormally Increased Renal Retention of Sodium, Accounts for the Initiation of Salt-Induced Hypertension.

Prevailing theory holds that abnormally large increases in renal salt retention and cardiac output are early pathophysiologic events mediating initiation of most instances of salt-induced hypertension. This theory has come under increasing scrutiny because it is based on studies that lack measurements of sodium balance and cardiac output obtained during initiation of salt-loading in proper normal controls, i.e.

Selective chloride loading is pressor in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat despite hydrochlorothiazide-induced natriuresis.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), the pressor effect of selective dietary chloride loading depends on a positive external sodium balance.

Methods: In 43 male SHRSP fed a Japanese style diet containing a low normal amount of NaCl (0.4%), we compared the effects on telemetrically measured SBP of hydrochlorothiazide, 25 mg/kg per day, alone ('TZ', n = 11); hydrochlorothiazide combined with either KCl ('KCLTZ', 2%K, n = 10) or KHCO3 ('KBCTZ', 2%K, n = 11) and no hydrochlorothiazide ('CTL', n = 11) over a 10-week period starting at 10 weeks of age.

Chloride-dominant salt sensitivity in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat.

We tested the hypothesis that in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), the Cl- component of dietary NaCl dominantly determines its pressor effect (salt-sensitivity). We telemetrically measured systolic aortic blood pressure (SBP) in SHRSP loaded with: nothing (CTL); NaCl alone (NaCl) (44 mmol/100 grams chow); KCl (KCl) alone (44 mmol); NaCl (44 mmol) combined with KHCO3 (77 mmol) (NaCl/KBC) or with KCl (77 mmol) (NaCl/KCl). Across all groups, from age 10 to 15 or 16 weeks, SBP increased linearly (mm Hg/week) (dp/dt, change in SBP as a function of time): CTL, 5.