Crystal structure and sequential dehydration transitions of disodium guanosine 5'-monophosphate tetrahydrate.

Disodium guanosine 5'-monophosphate was reported previously to crystallize as both the tetrahydrate and the heptahydrate. We herein report a determination of the molecular and crystal structures of the title tetrahydrated salt, 2Na·CHNOP·4HO. It was found that the structure differs markedly from that of the heptahydrate, but greatly resembles that of disodium deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate tetrahydrate.

Functional characterization of the neuron-restrictive silencer element in the human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene expression.

Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is the key enzyme in the synthesis of neuronal serotonin. Although previous studies suggest that TPH2 neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE) functions as a negative regulator dependent on neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) activity, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we show a detailed analysis of the NRSE-mediated repression of the human TPH2 (hTPH2) promoter activity in RN46A cells, a cell line derived from rat raphe neurons.