Usefulness of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Cancer Who Developed Cerebral Infarction.

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an established treatment for large vessel occlusion in the acute phase of stroke. However, its efficacy and safety in patients with cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MT against large vessel occlusion between patients with and without cancer.

Local and systemic factors associated with quantitative stiffness of carotid plaque.

Purpose: Plaque stiffness in carotid artery stenosis is a clinically important factor involved in the development of stroke and surgical complications. The purpose of this study was to clarify which local and systemic factors are associated with the quantitatively measured stiffness of plaque.

Methods: The subjects were 104 consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy at our institution.

Relationship Between Quantitative Tumor Consistency and Pathological Factors in Intracranial Meningioma.

Background: The consistency of intracranial meningiomas is an important clinical factor because it affects the success of surgical resection. This study aimed at identifying and quantitatively measuring pathological factors that contribute to the consistency of meningiomas. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between these factors and preoperative neuroradiological imaging.

Brain Diseases and Fall-Related Surgery in Older Persons.

Background: It is known that age-related brain symptoms (gait difficulty and dementia) increase the likelihood of fall-related surgery. In contrast, it is not known which types of brain disease underlie such symptoms most.

Objective: The aim of this study was to correlate brain diseases with the types of surgeries performed at our hospital for patients who had fallen.

Repeated intracranial empyema following cranioplasty in a patient with atopic dermatitis: a case report.

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with pruritus. Skin affected by atopic dermatitis not only shows a high percentage of Staphylococcus aureus colonization, but corneal barrier dysfunction is also known to occur. It is considered a risk factor for bacterial infections in various areas of the body.

Utility of Schwann/2E and Sox10 in distinguishing CD57-negative olfactory groove schwannoma from olfactory ensheathing cell tumor: A case report and review of the literature.

We herein report a patient who was diagnosed as having olfactory groove schwannoma (OGS) which was negative for CD57 (Leu7) but positive for Schwann/2E and Sox10. A 13-year-old female with a chief complaint of headache was referred to our department due to a tumor lesion in the anterior skull base identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At the first visit, she did not exhibit altered consciousness, motor palsy, anosmia, seizures, or café au lait spots.

Comparison of quantitative measurements of central nervous system tumour consistency and the associated preoperative imaging findings.

Central nervous system (CNS) tumour consistency is one of the factors determining the difficulty of surgery for such lesions. We measured the consistency of surgically excised CNS tumour specimens using a hardness meter. The purpose of this study was to identify imaging parameters that reflect tumour consistency by comparing preoperative imaging findings with CNS tumour consistency measurements.

Three-Dimensional Printed Model for Surgical Simulation of Combined Transpetrosal Approach.

Background: The combined transpetrosal approach is a complicated skull base surgery with a high degree of difficulty. Herein, we made a 3-dimensional (3D) printed petrous bone with color-coded anatomic sites and evaluated its usefulness as a model to practice drilling associated with combined transpetrosal surgery.

Methods: To design a 3D model of the petrous bone, we chose a representative epidermoid petroclival tumor case who underwent combined transpetrosal surgery at our hospital.

[Diffuse Astrocytoma with Pilomyxoid Features Presenting as Intratumoral Hemorrhage:A Case Report].

Hemorrhagic low-grade glioma(LGG)without malignant transformation is rare, accounting for less than 1% of cases. To the best of our knowledge, hemorrhagic LGG with an arteriovenous(AV)shunt has not been reported. We report the case of 17-year-old man with LGG with an AV shunt.

[Acute Changes in the Computed Tomography Findings of Mucocele Combined with Pituitary Adenoma:A Case Report].

Introduction: We report a rare case in which a pituitary tumor co-occurred with a giant mucocele. The mucocele's computed tomography(CT)values fell markedly when it collapsed, and we report the associated considerations.

Case: This case involved a 42-year-old male patient.

[A Case of Male Breast Cancer with Brain Metastasis 24 Years after a Mastectomy].

Male breast cancer accounts for less than 1.0% of all breast cancer cases, and its brain metastasis is very rare. We encountered a male patient in whom brain metastasis occurred more than 20 years after the development of breast cancer.

Acute contrecoup epidural hematoma that developed without skull fracture in two adults: two case reports.

Background: The incidence of acute epidural hematoma not accompanied by fracture is low, and it mostly occurs right below the impact point in children. Acute epidural hematoma on the contralateral side of the impact point without fracture is very rare.

Case Presentation: Case 1: a 52-year-old Japanese woman fell and was bruised in the left occipital region, and acute epidural hematoma developed in the right frontal region.

Clinical Characteristics of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with an Intracerebral Hematoma and Prognostic Factors.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with an intracerebral hematoma (ICH) shows an unfavorable prognosis. In the present study, we examined the characteristics of SAH with ICH and its prognosis.

Methods: Subjects comprised 218 patients with SAH who underwent surgery between January 2007 and December 2015.

Operative simulation of anterior clinoidectomy using a rapid prototyping model molded by a three-dimensional printer.

Background: As the anatomical three-dimensional (3D) positional relationship around the anterior clinoid process (ACP) is complex, experience of many surgeries is necessary to understand anterior clinoidectomy (AC). We prepared a 3D synthetic image from computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and a rapid prototyping (RP) model from the imaging data using a 3D printer. The objective of this study was to evaluate anatomical reproduction of the 3D synthetic image and intraosseous region after AC in the RP model.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis) with atypical encephalitis and painful testitis: a case report.

Background: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a self-limited clinicopathologic entity that is increasingly recognized worldwide. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy occurring in young adults. Neurologic involvement is rare, and testitis directly caused by Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease has not yet been reported.

[A Rare Case of Metastatic Brain Tumors in the Bilateral Cerebellopontine Angles].

We encountered a rare case of metastatic brain tumors in the bilateral cerebellopontine angles. The patient was a 61-year-old man, who visited an otorhinolaryngology clinic with complaints of rapidly progressing bilateral hearing impairment and facial palsy. The patient was referred to our hospital because tumorous lesions were suspected in the bilateral cerebellopontine angles on brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Comparison between Quantitative Stiffness Measurements and Ultrasonographic Findings of Fresh Carotid Plaques.

Using a stiffness meter, we quantitatively measured the stiffness of fresh plaques that had been excised by carotid endarterectomy. The objective of this study was to clarify the correlation between plaque stiffness and pre-operative carotid ultrasonographic findings, and predict the stiffness of plaques before surgery by comparison with the stiffness of common items. The study population comprised 44 patients (44 lesions) who had undergone carotid endarterectomy at our institution between December 2009 and October 2014.

A neurosurgical simulation of skull base tumors using a 3D printed rapid prototyping model containing mesh structures.

Background: Deep regions are not visible in three-dimensional (3D) printed rapid prototyping (RP) models prepared from opaque materials, which is not the case with translucent images. The objectives of this study were to develop an RP model in which a skull base tumor was simulated using mesh, and to investigate its usefulness for surgical simulations by evaluating the visibility of its deep regions.

Methods: A 3D printer that employs binder jetting and is mainly used to prepare plaster models was used.

Anatomical Reproducibility of a Head Model Molded by a Three-dimensional Printer.

We prepared rapid prototyping models of heads with unruptured cerebral aneurysm based on image data of computed tomography angiography (CTA) using a three-dimensional (3D) printer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anatomical reproducibility and accuracy of these models by comparison with the CTA images on a monitor. The subjects were 22 patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysm who underwent preoperative CTA.

Hydroperoxide in internal jugular venous blood reflects occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced delayed cerebral vasospasm.

Background: To investigate the association between subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) and oxidative stress, an oxidation product, hydroperoxide, was measured in 3 specimens: peripheral arterial blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and internal jugular venous blood (IJVB).

Methods: Hydroperoxide was measured using the diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test. The hydroperoxide levels were evaluated based on the rate of change in the d-ROMs test value on day 6 relative with that on day 3 (d-ROMs change rate).

Basal encephalocele in an adult patient presenting with minor anomalies: a case report.

Introduction: Basal encephalocele is rare in adults. Congenital and acquired cases have been reported with regard to the developmental mechanism, and the pathology has not been elucidated in detail.

Case Presentation: We encountered an adult with basal encephalocele strongly suggesting congenital development because of the presence of minor anomalies: strabismus and ocular hypertelorism.

Ruptured aneurysm of the PICA communicating artery: a case report.

A 47-year-old man presented with a rare aneurysm arising from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery communicating artery (PICA com A), manifesting as subarachnoid with intraventricular hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography showed a defect of the left PICA, and the left PICA region was supplied by a communicating artery formed by the fusion of branches from the right PICA and right vertebral artery. Aneurysms arose in the communicating artery, and a small, unruptured fusiform aneurysm was observed adjacent to a ruptured aneurysm.

Modified three-dimensional brain model for study of the trans-sylvian approach.

The trans-sylvian approach is one of the most frequently employed neurosurgical procedures, but it is difficult for medical students to understand the approach stereoscopically. A three-dimensional model equipped with an arachnoid membrane and sylvian vein was developed which can be repeatedly used to simulate surgery for the education of medical students and residents in the trans-sylvian approach. The model was prepared using existing models of the skull bone, brain, and cerebral artery.

Effects of edaravone on a rat model of punch-drunk syndrome.

Punch-drunk syndrome (PDS) refers to a pathological condition in which higher brain dysfunction occurs in a delayed fashion in boxers who have suffered repeated blows to the head. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study attempted to elucidate the mechanism of higher brain dysfunction observed following skull vibration in two experiments involving a rat model of PDS.