[Cotard's Syndrome in Three Patients with Schizophrenia--Pathology of Involutional and Senile-onset Endogenous Psychosis].

A large number of case studies on Cotard's syndrome have reported that this syndrome develops after repeated episodes of depression in the presenile stage of life. Therefore, it has been defined as a severe type of affective spectrum disorder. This report describes three patients who exhibited symptoms characteristic of Cotard's syndrome, such as negative thoughts and delusions of immortality, in the presenile and senile stages of their lives.

Enhanced carbonyl stress in a subpopulation of schizophrenia.

Context: Various factors are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products, including pentosidine, results from carbonyl stress, a state featuring an increase in reactive carbonyl compounds (RCOs) and their attendant protein modifications. Vitamin B(6) is known to detoxify RCOs, including advanced glycation end products.

Differentiation of first-episode schizophrenia patients from healthy controls using ROI-based multiple structural brain variables.

Background: Brain morphometric measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have not been used to discriminate between first-episode patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects.

Methods: Magnetic resonance images were acquired from 34 (17 males, 17 females) first-episode schizophrenia patients and 48 (24 males, 24 females) age- and parental socio-economic status-matched healthy subjects. Twenty-nine regions of interest (ROI) were measured on 1-mm-thick coronal slices from the prefrontal and central parts of the brain.

Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration: a clinicopathological study of six Japanese autopsy cases and proposed potential progression pattern in the cerebellar lesion.

Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration (ACD) is one of the most common neurological complications in alcoholics. As far as we know, however, only four Japanese autopsy cases of ACD have been reported, and only limited clinicopathological data on this disease are now available in Japan. The aims of this study were: (i) to examine the clinicopathological correlation of six Japanese autopsy cases of ACD, including three asymptomatic cases; and (ii) to elucidate the pattern of progression of the cerebellar lesion in ACD.

Frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration in Japan: a cross-sectional study of 1,509 postmortems.

Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration (ACD) is a pivotal neurological complication in alcoholics. However, although there are a few autopsy reports and some data on its frequency, it is considered very rare in Japan. The aims of this study were (1) to estimate the frequency of the disease in Japanese autopsy cases, and (2) to examine the clinicopathological features of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of ACD.

Distribution of cerebral cortical lesions in diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification: a clinicopathological study of four autopsy cases showing prominent parietal lobe involvement.

We investigated clinicopathologically four Japanese autopsy cases of diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification (DNTC), which has been believed to be characterized by temporal or temporofrontal circumscribed lobar atrophy, and examined the distribution of their cerebral cortical lesions using hemisphere specimens. The lesions were classified into three categories (slight, moderate, and severe). Severe lesions were present in the temporal lobes and insular gyri of all four cases, consistent with the studies reported to date.

[Nursing home directors' attitude toward medical decision-making and medical care for elderly people with dementia].

Medical decision-making involving elderly people with dementia often troubles care providers in Japan. Meanwhile, little attention has been paid to the routine medical care of nondementia illnesses in such patients. To understand the current situation surrounding the issue, we conducted a postal survey with nursing home directors across the nation.

Identification of a male schizophrenic patient carrying a de novo balanced translocation, t(4; 13)(p16.1; q21.31).

Herein is reported the case of a male patient with schizophrenia who displayed a de novo balanced translocation between the short arm of chromosome 4 and the long arm of chromosome 13, t(4; 13)(p16.1; q21.31).

[The Japanese version of RBANS (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status)].

In Japan, neuropsychological assessment of dementing illnesses has been done mainly using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a revised version of Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R). However, because of a lack of appropriately designed test domains, early detection of senile dementia and/or cognitive impairment is hardly possible, even if using these batteries. This paper is to introduce a Japanese Version of RBANS (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status) which was originally developed by Randolph and revised by us.

Parkinson's disease mimicking senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a clinicopathological study of four autopsy cases.

This report concerns four Japanese autopsy cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) mimicking senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Three patients with a clinical diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type developed memory disturbance as the initial sign, and a patient with a clinical diagnosis of atypical senile dementia presented with hallucination and delusion as the initial sign. Dementia was evident in all four patients, and slight parkinsonism appeared in the middle to late stages of the disease in two patients.