Multimodal Treatment Approach for a Recurrent Hemorrhagic Scalp Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report.

Scalp arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare vascular malformation that may present as a pulsatile scalp mass with complications like hemorrhage. We report a case of a large scalp AVF with recurrent bleeding, managed successfully with a multimodal approach. A 46-year-old man presented with a recurrently bleeding pulsatile scalp mass in the left temporal region, initially diagnosed as AVF following trauma.

Transarterial radioembolization vs transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads for treating hepatocellular carcinoma: a cost-effectiveness analysis in Japanese healthcare system.

Purpose: Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is effective for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma; however, it awaits approval in Japan. This study aimed to simulate the cost-effectiveness of TARE over chemoembolization when TARE is approved in Japan and identify the requirements for cost-effectiveness.

Materials And Methods: A Markov model was constructed to analyze the costs and effectiveness associated with TARE and transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) for 2-month cycles over 5 years.

Iterative Motion Correction Technique with Deep Learning Reconstruction for Brain MRI: A Volunteer and Patient Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of iterative motion correction (IMC) on reducing artifacts in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with deep learning reconstruction (DLR). The study included 10 volunteers (between September 2023 and December 2023) and 30 patients (between June 2022 and July 2022) for quantitative and qualitative analyses, respectively. Volunteers were instructed to remain still during the first MRI with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence (FLAIR) and to move during the second scan.

Super-resolution Deep Learning Reconstruction for 3D Brain MR Imaging: Improvement of Cranial Nerve Depiction and Interobserver Agreement in Evaluations of Neurovascular Conflict.

Rationale And Objectives: To determine if super-resolution deep learning reconstruction (SR-DLR) improves the depiction of cranial nerves and interobserver agreement when assessing neurovascular conflict in 3D fast asymmetric spin echo (3D FASE) brain MR images, as compared to deep learning reconstruction (DLR).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study involved reconstructing 3D FASE MR images of the brain for 37 patients using SR-DLR and DLR. Three blinded readers conducted qualitative image analyses, evaluating the degree of neurovascular conflict, structure depiction, sharpness, noise, and diagnostic acceptability.

Super-resolution Deep Learning Reconstruction Cervical Spine 1.5T MRI: Improved Interobserver Agreement in Evaluations of Neuroforaminal Stenosis Compared to Conventional Deep Learning Reconstruction.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether super-resolution deep learning reconstruction (SR-DLR) is superior to conventional deep learning reconstruction (DLR) with respect to interobserver agreement in the evaluation of neuroforaminal stenosis using 1.5T cervical spine MRI. This retrospective study included 39 patients who underwent 1.

Clinical Impact of Deep Learning Reconstruction in MRI.

Deep learning has been recognized as a paradigm-shifting tool in radiology. Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) has recently emerged as a technology used in the image reconstruction process of MRI, which is an essential procedure in generating MR images. Denoising, which is the first DLR application to be realized in commercial MRI scanners, improves signal-to-noise ratio.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Japan Society of Hepatology 2021 version (5th JSH-HCC Guidelines).

The fifth version of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma was revised by the Japan Society of Hepatology, according to the methodology of evidence-based medicine and partly to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, which was published in October 2021 in Japanese. In addition to surveillance-diagnostic and treatment algorithms, a new algorithm for systemic therapy has been created, as multiple drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma can be currently selected. Here, new or revised algorithms and evidence on which the recommendations are based are described.

Acceleration of knee magnetic resonance imaging using a combination of compressed sensing and commercially available deep learning reconstruction: a preliminary study.

Purpose: To evaluate whether deep learning reconstruction (DLR) accelerates the acquisition of 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) knee data without image deterioration.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one healthy volunteers underwent MRI of the right knee on a 1.

Radiation Protection of the Eye Lens in Fluoroscopy-guided Interventional Procedures.

The medical staff involved in fluoroscopy-guided procedures are at potential risks of radiation-induced cataract. Therefore, proper monitoring of the lens doses is critical, and radiation protection should be provided to the maximum extent that is reasonably achievable. The collar dosimeter is necessary to avoid underestimation of the lens dose, and the third dosimeter behind the protective eyewear would be helpful for those who are likely to exceed the dose limit.

Temporal Arteritis Caused by Tertiary Syphilis.

A 77-year-old man arrived at our hospital with bilateral shoulder pain persisting for several months and headache for 1 month. Giant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumatica was suspected. However, considering his medical history of testing positive for syphilis, we submitted a sample for a syphilis serology test, which yielded positive results.

Commercially Available Deep-learning-reconstruction of MR Imaging of the Knee at 1.5T Has Higher Image Quality Than Conventionally-reconstructed Imaging at 3T: A Normal Volunteer Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate whether the image quality of 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee is equal to or higher than that of 3T MRI by applying deep learning reconstruction (DLR).

Methods: Proton density-weighted images of the right knee of 27 healthy volunteers were obtained by 3T and 1.

Feasibility of accelerated whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging using a deep learning-based noise-reduction technique in patients with prostate cancer.

Purpose: To assess the possibility of reducing the image acquisition time for diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) by denoising with deep learning-based reconstruction (dDLR).

Methods: Seventeen patients with prostate cancer who underwent DWIBS by 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging with a number of excitations of 2 (NEX2) and 8 (NEX8) were prospectively enrolled.

Clinical feasibility of an abdominal thin-slice breath-hold single-shot fast spin echo sequence processed using a deep learning-based noise-reduction approach.

Background: T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) is a key sequence of MRI studies of the pancreas. The single-shot fast spin echo (single-shot FSE) sequence is an accelerated form of T2WI. We hypothesized that denoising approach with deep learning-based reconstruction (dDLR) could facilitate accelerated breath-hold thin-slice single-shot FSE MRI, and reveal the pancreatic anatomy in detail.

[Scientific Research Group Report: Nationwide Survey on Radiation Exposure of Pediatric CT Examination in Japan (2018)].

Purpose: To understand the latest pediatric computed tomography (CT) exposure required for the revision of national DRLs.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 409 facilities where the members of the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology and the Japanese Society of Pediatric Radiology are enrolled. We investigated the imaging conditions, CTDI, and DLP of the pediatric head, chest, and abdominal CT examinations.

Impact of deep learning reconstruction on intracranial 1.5 T magnetic resonance angiography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether deep learning reconstruction (DLR) improves the image quality of intracranial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 1.5 T.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, MRA images of 40 patients (21 males and 19 females; mean age, 65.

Breath-hold 3D magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography at 1.5 T using a deep learning-based noise-reduction approach: Comparison with the conventional respiratory-triggered technique.

Objectives: To assess the image quality of conventional respiratory-triggered 3-dimentional (3D) magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (Resp-MRCP) and breath-hold 3D MRCP (BH-MRCP) with and without denoising procedure using deep learning-based reconstruction (dDLR) at 1.5 T.

Methods: Forty-two patients underwent MRCP at 1.

Primary aortoduodenal fistula in testicular cancer: A fatal complication associated with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis.

A primary aortoduodenal fistula (PADF) has rarely been reported as a complication of testicular cancer. A 48-year-old Japanese male with relapsed retroperitoneal lymph node metastases received four courses of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (TIP). On day 19 of the fourth cycle of TIP, he developed hematochezia and hypovolemic shock.

Recognizing Radiation-induced Changes in the Central Nervous System: Where to Look and What to Look For.

Radiation therapy (RT) continues to play a central role as an effective therapeutic modality for a variety of tumors and vascular malformations in the central nervous system. Although the planning and delivery techniques of RT have evolved substantially during the past few decades, the structures surrounding the target lesion are inevitably exposed to radiation. A wide variety of radiation-induced changes may be observed at posttreatment imaging, which may be confusing when interpreting images.

[Examination of Effectiveness Verification and Additional Items in Angiography and IVR of DRLs 2015].

Japanese Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) were released as "Japan DRLs 2015" from Japan Network for Research and Information on Medical Exposure (J-RIME) in June 2015. In "Japan DRLs 2015", DRLs in angiography and interventional procedures are set at a fluoroscopic dose rate of 20 mGy/min at the interventional reference point using a phantom. In order to achieve optimization with DRLs, then it need to be revised regularly.

Utility of hepatic vein waveform and transient elastography in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome who require angioplasty: Two case reports.

Rationale: Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), which causes congestive hepatopathy and aggravates cirrhosis, is typically treated by interventional angioplasty to ameliorate blood flow. X-ray venography is useful for the evaluation of inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis and determination of treatment timing, but it is invasive and thus unsuitable for repeated examinations. The development of a simple method for the prediction of IVC stenosis would reduce the burden on patients with BCS.

Development of pancreatic cancer during observation for hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study.

Background/aims: We aimed to investigate incidence, characteristics, and possible risk factors of pancreatic cancer in patients under observation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because the association of hepatitis virus B infection and pancreatic cancer has been reported.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in the Gastroenterology Department of a University Hospital in Japan between 2004 and 2012. A total of 1848 patients who underwent treatment for HCC were included at the initiation of treatment for HCC (mean follow-up period, 33.

Fishbone migration to bile ducts after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a case series.

We reviewed six cases suspected of having fish bones in the bile ducts on follow-up CT following pancreaticoduodenectomy. The period from surgery to CT examination in which fishbone migration was first suspected ranged from 282 to 1157 days with a median of 517 days. The fish bone in the bile duct disappeared in five out of six cases on subsequent CT.

Portal encasement: Significant CT findings to diagnose local recurrence after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.

Background/objectives: To demonstrate the utility of portal encasement as a criterion for early diagnosis of local recurrence (LR) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: A total of 61 patients who underwent PD for PDAC were included in this retrospective study. Portal stenosis was evaluated by sequential postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans and correlated with disease recurrence.