Surgical management of adverse events associated with deep brain stimulation: A single-center experience.

Objectives: Deep brain stimulation is widely used to treat movement disorders and selected neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the fact, the surgical methods vary among centers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate our own surgical complications and how we performed surgical troubleshooting.

Changes in Midline Tremor and Gait Following Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor.

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder characterized by kinetic and postural tremor in the upper extremities and frequently in the midline. Persons with ET often also exhibit gait ataxia. Previous studies have observed associations between midline tremor severity and gait ataxia in persons with ET, suggesting a common pathophysiology distinct from that of upper extremity tremor.

A retrospective evaluation of thalamic targeting for tremor deep brain stimulation using high-resolution anatomical imaging with supplementary fiber tractography.

Objectives: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate (Vim) thalamic nucleus is used to treat tremors. Here, we identified the Vim nucleus on fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery (FGATIR) images and delineated the dentate-rubrothalamic tract (DRT) to determine the DBS target. We evaluated whether this method could consistently identify the Vim nucleus by anatomical imaging and fiber tractography.

Delayed Onset Eye Opening Apraxia due to Progression of Brain Atrophy following Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation: A Case Report.

Eye opening apraxia (EOA) has been described in literature as a complication of deep brain stimulation (DBS), especially after electrode implantation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). EOA can be either worsened or alleviated by DBS depending on the etiology. Herein, we report a rare case where the progression of brain atrophy may have contributed to the delayed onset of EOA.

Changes in Motor-Related Cortical Activity Following Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease Detected by Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study.

It remains unclear how deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulates the global neuronal network involving cortical activity. We aimed to evaluate changes in cortical activity in six (two men; four women) patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who underwent unilateral globus pallidus interna (GPI) DBS surgery using a multi-channel near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system. As five of the patients were right-handed, DBS was performed on the left in these five cases.

Interdisciplinary Parkinson's Disease Deep Brain Stimulation Screening and the Relationship to Unintended Hospitalizations and Quality of Life.

Objective: To investigate the impact of pre-operative deep brain stimulation (DBS) interdisciplinary assessments on post-operative hospitalizations and quality of life (QoL).

Background: DBS has been utilized successfully in Parkinson's disease (PD) for the treatment of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, off time, and motor fluctuations. Although DBS is becoming a more common management approach there are no standardized criteria for selection of DBS candidates, and sparse data exist to guide the use of interdisciplinary evaluations for DBS screening.

Hospital-based study on emergency admission of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. As the severity of disease worsens, patients have lower tolerance for treatments and occasionally need to be hospitalized. This study focuses on characteristics of patients with PD who were emergently admitted to our hospital and evaluates their prognosis during hospitalization.

Impact of an Interdisciplinary Deep Brain Stimulation Screening Model on Post-Surgical Complications in Essential Tremor Patients.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of our interdisciplinary screening process on post-operative unintended hospitalizations and quality of life.

Background: There are currently no standardized criteria for selection of appropriate Deep Brain Stimulation candidates and little hard data exists to support the use of any singular method.

Methods: An Essential Tremor cohort was selected from our institutional Deep Brain Stimulation database.

Rate of aspiration pneumonia in hospitalized Parkinson's disease patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Aspiration pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical characteristics of PD patients in addition to specific alterations in swallowing mechanisms contribute to higher swallowing times and impairment in the effective clearance of the airway. These issues may render patients more prone to dysphagia and aspiration events.

Dysgeusia in a Patient with Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with Acute Hepatitis E: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is usually triggered by viral or bacterial infection. In addition, it was recently reported that infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) also causes GBS. A 49-year-old man presented with acute-onset paralysis in all extremities and dysgeusia during an episode of acute hepatitis.

Utility of the Japanese version of the 9-item Wearing-off Questionnaire.

Background And Purpose: The 9-item Wearing-off Questionnaire (WOQ-9) is a useful tool for screening of wearing-off. We performed a validation study of the Japanese version of the WOQ-9 (JWOQ-9) using a cross-sectional design in Japanese Parkinson's disease (PD) patients diagnosed with sporadic PD and treated with levodopa.

Methods: Subjects with severe dementia, uncontrolled psychiatric comorbidities, and previous PD neurosurgery were excluded.

A case of adult-onset reducing body myopathy presenting a novel clinical feature, asymmetrical involvement of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

We herein report a 32-year-old woman with adult-onset reducing body myopathy (RBM) who had a mutation in the four-and-a-half LIM domain 1 gene (FHL1) and showed a marked asymmetrical involvement of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. At 30 years of age she noticed bilateral foot drop, and over the next two years developed difficulty raising her right arm. At 32 years of age she was admitted to our hospital for a diagnostic evaluation.

Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: systematic review of clinical outcomes.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread, severe, debilitating disorder that markedly diminishes quality of life. Medication is commonly effective, but 20-30 % of patients are refractory to medical therapy. The surgical treatment of psychiatric disorders has a negative stigma associated with it owing to historical abuses.

Predictors of the emergence of apathy after bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is a valid therapeutic tool that ameliorates motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, apathy is one of the neuropsychiatric complications that may occur after STN-DBS surgery, and this may adversely influence the quality of life of patients despite significant motor improvement.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate preoperative predictive factors for the presence of postoperative apathy in patients treated with STN-DBS.

[Primary central nervous system lymphoma: a case report and evaluation of the diagnostic value of IL-10 level in the cerebrospinal fluid].

We report a case of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) that presented with visual disturbance. A 76-year-old man developed decreased bilateral visual acuity. He was diagnosed with bilateral retrobulbar neuritis by an ophthalmologist.

[Diazepam-responsive malignant catatonia in a patient with an initial clinical diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a case report].

We report a case of malignant catatonia initially diagnosed as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) that responded successfully to diazepam administration. A 29-year-old man with mental retardation was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, muscle pain, and consciousness disturbance. Fifteen days before admission, he had developed muscle pain and weakness in his legs.

ATP-binding cassette transporter G4 is highly expressed in microglia in Alzheimer's brain.

Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is the main constituent of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as a source of cholesterol in the brain. ATP-binding cassette transporter G4 (ABCG4) is one of the membrane cholesterol transporter which is implicated in HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux, but its precise localization and function in the brain has been unclear. In AD brain, ABCG4 protein was highly expressed in microglial cell that was closely located to senile plaques, whereas in non-neurological cases positive cells were not seen in cortical and nigral tissues.

POPC/apoA-I discs as a potent lipoprotein modulator in Tangier disease.

Tangier disease (TD) is a rare familial disorder with mutations in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene. It results in extremely low levels of HDL cholesterol. Since TD is a genetic disorder, a therapeutic approach to TD has not been established.