Decreasing Pasteurization Treatment Efficiency against Amoeba-Grown -Recognized Public Health Risk Factor.

are gram-negative bacteria most commonly found in freshwater ecosystems and purpose-built water systems. In humans, the bacterium causes Legionnaires' disease (LD) or a Pontiac fever. In this study, the different waters (drinking water, pool water, cooling towers) in which has been isolated were studied to assess the possible risk of bacterial spreading in the population.

The type IV pili component PilO is a virulence determinant of Francisella novicida.

Francisella tularensis is a highly pathogenic intracellular bacterium that causes the disease tularemia. While its ability to replicate within cells has been studied in much detail, the bacterium also encodes a less characterised type 4 pili (T4P) system. T4Ps are dynamic adhesive organelles identified as major virulence determinants in many human pathogens.

Amoebae can promote the survival of species in the aquatic environment.

, a tier 1 select agent, is the causative bacterium of tularemia, a zoonosis with a large animal reservoir. However, , like many other species, is assumed to have an aquatic reservoir. The mechanisms of species persistence in surface water remain poorly characterized.

Atg5-Deficient Mice Infected with LVS Demonstrate Increased Survival and Less Severe Pathology in Internal Organs.

is a highly virulent intracellular pathogen that proliferates within various cell types and can infect a multitude of animal species. escapes the phagosome rapidly after infection and reaches the host cell cytosol where bacteria undergo extensive replication. Once cytosolic, becomes a target of an autophagy-mediated process.

Increased Sensitivity of Amoeba-Grown Species to Disinfectants.

is a highly infectious, intracellular bacterium and it is the causative agent of tularemia. The bacterium has been isolated from more than 250 species, including protozoa. Previous studies have shown that the growth of within the amoeba results in a dramatic increase in the resistance to disinfectants.

Epidemiologic and Epizootic Data of Tularemia in the Past and in the Recent History in Croatia.

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by . A large number of recent studies have provided an update on the disease characteristics and the distribution across Europe. In Croatia, most of the clinical cases, as well as the reports of the disease in animals, date from the 20th century.