Unveiling the science behind erectile dysfunction topical therapy: investigating transdermal papaverine as a novel treatment approach.

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction is among the most prevalent urologic issues affecting men globally and is characterized by a high incidence rate. This condition significantly affects the quality of life of patients and their sexual partners.

Objectives: Due to the interactions, contraindications, and side effects associated with systemic drugs, recent research has increasingly focused on topical and transdermal medications for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.