Elucidating the Significance of Zonulin in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Emphasis on Intestinal Barrier Function and Tight Junction Regulation.

The intestinal barrier, a critical component of the body's defense system, plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by preventing the translocation of harmful substances from the gut lumen into the bloodstream. Disruptions in this barrier, often characterized by increased intestinal permeability, are increasingly recognized as contributors to the development and progression of various Chronic Inflammatory Disorders (CIDs). Zonulin, a key regulator of intestinal Tight Junctions (TJs), has emerged as a pivotal player in this process.

Vitamins A and D Enhance the Expression of Ror-γ-Targeting miRNAs in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Autoreactive T cells, particularly those characterized by a Th17 phenotype, exert significant influence on the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study aimed to elucidate the impact of individual and combined administration of vitamin A and D on neuroinflammation, and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in T helper (Th)17 development, utilizing a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice, and 3 days prior to immunization, intraperitoneal injections of vitamins A and D or their combination were administered.

Influence of Vitamins A and D on the Expression of MicroRNA27-3p Isoforms and GATA3 in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Vitamins A, D, and microRNAs contribute to T cell differentiation into TH2 phenotypes. We investigated the molecular mechanisms and effects of vitamin A and D on the expression of GATA3 and miR-27-3p isoforms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of multiple sclerosis. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, mixed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant, together with injection of pertussis toxin.

Vitamin D down-regulates the expression of some Th17 cell-related cytokines, key inflammatory chemokines, and chemokine receptors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

A spectrum of immunomodulatory properties was attributed to vitamin D (VD). Here, the VD effects on expression of some Th17 cell- related cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors were investigated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). One group of C57BL/6 mice, considered as healthy group, was treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

Ginger Extract Modulates the Expression of Chemokines CCL20 and CCL22 and Their Receptors (CCR6 and CCR4) in the Central Nervous System of Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Chemokines facilitate the leukocytes infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) which is an essential step in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Ginger has also a broad anti-inflammatory properties. The aim was to evaluate the effects of ginger extract on the expression of CCL20 and CCL22 and their receptors (CCR6 and CCR4, respectively) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Vitamin D Modulates the Expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in the Central Nervous System in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Background: It has been reported that vitamin D has broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of vitamin D on the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Methods: EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant.