Calculation of microdosimetric spectra for protons using Geant4-DNA and a -randomness sampling algorithm for the nanometric structures.

Purpose: Through introducing stochastic quantities that can be connected to the dimensions of the microscopic structures exposed to radiations, microdosimetry is concerned with the substantive specifications of radiation quality that could help gain insight into radiation effects. Utilizing the -randomness method and Geant4-DNA code, we calculated microdosimetry quantities for nanometric structures in a spherical body of water irradiated with protons. To gain more insight into the effects of radiation on microscopic structures and validate the code parameters, we made a comparison between our results obtained within Geant4-DNA and results from other simulations.

Ultraviolet radiation rate in Mashhad, Iran.

Todays, Climate change can be effect on the intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and cause of many human diseases. In this cross-sectional study, changes of the intensity of UV ray were associated with the changes in latitude and longitude, height, climatic conditions, natural and human-made artifacts. Given that the highest radiation intensity was at the beginning of the summer, the radiation rate of UV ray in Mashhad was measured in the summer using a Hagner radiometer, the UV-A model.

Microbial contamination data of keypad and touch screen of cell phones among hospital and non-hospital staffs - A case study: Iran.

Microorganisms live almost everywhere, they are even present on inanimate objects such as Mobile phones, as a result contaminates our body. The main purpose of this study was tantamount to compare microbial contamination of keypad and touch screen mobile cell phones between hospital and non-hospital staffs. Samples were collected from 456 cell phones of hospital and non-hospital.

Comparison of Pap smear quality with anatomical spatula and convenience (spatula-cytobrush) methods: a single blind clinical trial.

Objectives: The Papanicolaou smear is a standard test for cervical cancer screening; however, the most important challenge is high false negative results. Several factors contribute to this problem and one the most important is inappropriate sampling. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of smears obtained by either an anatomical spatula or a spatula-cyto brush.