Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pharmacogenomics-Guided Versus Standard Dosing of Warfarin in Patients with Mechanical Prosthetic Heart Valve.

Background: Warfarin is the only approved anticoagulant for antithrombotic treatment in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves (MPHV). However, dosing warfarin is challenging due to its narrow therapeutic window and highly variable clinical outcomes. Both low and high doses of warfarin can lead to thrombotic and bleeding events, respectively, with these complications being more severe in individuals with sensitive genetic polymorphisms.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of linagliptin add-on to insulin treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in Iran.

Purpose: With the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), determining optimal treatment strategies has become a major concern. Linagliptin is aDPP-4 inhibitor that does not require dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of adding linagliptin to insulin therapy in patients with T2DM and mild (stage 2) or moderate (stage 3) CKD from a health system perspective in Iran.

Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of insulin aspart and glargine in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus in Iran.

Purpose: The higher costs of insulin analogs including short-acting insulin aspart (IAsp) and long-acting insulin glargine (IGla) have restricted their widespread uptake despite having improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and patient convenience. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of IAsp versus Regular Insulin (RI) and IGla versus NPH Insulin in type 1 and 2 diabetes from the perspective of the Iranian healthcare system.

Methods: Clinical data including HbA1c levels, hypoglycemia, weight gain, and health-related quality of life were derived from the included systematic review and meta-analysis studies.

A scoping review on patient heterogeneity in economic evaluations of precision medicine based on basket trials.

Introduction: Considerable challenges in the economic evaluation of precision medicines have been mentioned in previous studies. However, they have not addressed how an economic assessment would be conducted based on basket trials (novel studies for evaluation of precision medicine effects) in which the included populations have specific biomarkers and various cancers. Since basket trial populations have remarkable heterogeneity, this study aims to investigate the concept of heterogeneity and specific method(s) for considering it in economic evaluations through guidelines and studies that could be applicable in economic evaluation based on basket trials.

Cost-utility analysis of Macitentan Vs. Bosentan in pulmonary atrial hypertension.

Objective: Endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists (ERAs) have considerable improvements in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients' symptoms. Macitentan, a novel ERA, has more significant positive effects like reduction of morbidity and mortality in PAH patients by 45% and decreases PAH hospitalization. Besides, macitentan was able to improve both the physical and mental aspects of patients' lives.

Impact of Protocol Implementation on Rationalization of Albumin Use in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tehran, Iran.

Objective: With respect to the high cost and limited availability of albumin, its use must be restricted to indications strongly supported by solid scientific evidence. It was anticipated that with the implementation of the National Health Reform Plan (NHRP), the consumption of albumin would increase as the result of decreasing patients' out-of-pocket costs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of protocol implementation on the rationalization of albumin use in surgery wards of Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran.

Efficacy of a telephone-based intervention among patients with type-2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial in pharmacy practice.

Background Pharmacists' interventions to improve outcomes of diabetes management have been promising. However, evidence on using telephone-based interventions in pharmacy practice are limited, particularly in developing countries. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a telephone-based intervention to improve care and clinical outcomes in type-2 diabetes.

Effect of a community pharmacist-delivered diabetes support program for patients receiving specialty medical care: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficacy of a community pharmacist-delivered diabetes support program for patients receiving specialty medical care in a middle-income country (Iran).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 101 patients who received diabetes care from an endocrinologist. A qualified community pharmacist educated patients about medications, clinical goals, self-care activities, and self-monitoring of blood glucose.