Adenosine A2a Receptor Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Anxiety Disorders.

Anxiety disorders (ADs) are a group of mental disorders characterized by feelings of tension, fear, and excessive worrying in the face of life experiences. Aberrant signaling of adenosine A2a receptor (ADORA2A) is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of ADs. Polymorphisms in the ADORA2A gene were shown to be associated with some of the patterns presented by ADs.

Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of on cisplatin-induced memory impairment and brain oxidative stress status in male rats.

Objective: Studies have shown the complications of chemotherapy on learning and memory. Empirical evidence suggests that (NS) has neuroprotective activities. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of NS on cisplatin-induced memory impairment.

Preemptive administration of mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned medium can attenuate the development of neuropathic pain in rats via downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic condition characterized by persistent pain following nerve injury. It is a challenging clinical problem to manage due to limited treatment options. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived conditioned medium (CM) is a cell-free product that contains the secretome of MSCs and has been shown to have therapeutic potential in various inflammatory and degenerative disorders.

Effects of the Co-Administration of Morphine and Lipopolysaccharide on Toll-Like Receptor-4/Nuclear Factor Kappa β Signaling Pathway of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells.

Background: The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene promotes migration in adenocarcinoma cells. Morphine is an agonist for TLR4 that has a dual role in cancer development. The promoter or inhibitor role of morphine in cancer progression remains controversial.

The cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of verbascoside on breast cancer 4T1 cell line.

Background: Despite significant advancements in breast cancer therapy, novel drugs with lower side effects are still being demanded. In this regard, we investigated the anti-cancer features of verbascoside in 4 T1 mouse mammary tumor cell.

Methods: First, MTT assay was performed with various concentrations (ranging between 5 to 200 μM) of verbascoside and IC50 was calculated.

Effect of vitamin E on cisplatin-induced memory impairment in male rats.

Objective: Neurotoxicity is an adverse effect caused by cisplatin due to inflammation and oxidative stress in the central nervous system. The present study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E injection on the learning and memory of rats with cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment.

Methods: Male rats were administered with cisplatin (2 mg/kg/7 day; intraperitoneally [i i.

The effects of estradiol and testosterone on renal tissues oxidative after central injection of angiotensin II in female doca - salt treated rats.

Background Although numerous studies have proven that estrogen (Est) has a protective effect on the development of hypertension, more research needs to be done to show its detailed mechanism in a variety of hypertension. The important role of active oxygen species in blood pressure is well defined. We examined whether or not sex hormones change the growth of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ‎in kidneys after central microinjection of angiotensin II (Ang II).

Contribution of amygdala to the pressor response elicited by microinjection of angiotensin II into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is part of the limbic system located in the rostral forebrain. BST is involved in behavioral, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions, including cardiovascular regulation. The amygdala, plays an important role in mediating the behavioral and physiological responses associated with fear and anxiety, including cardiovascular responses.

The effect of angiotensin II microinjection into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis on serum lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide metabolite levels.

Background: Overactivity of renin-angiotensin system is involved in the pathophysiology of renal and cardiovascular diseases. It is suggested that endothelial cells can release nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species in response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor of Ang II has been found in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST).

Interaction of central Angiotensin II and estrogen on systolic blood pressure in female DOCA-salt treated rats.

Background: There is a probable interaction of central angiotensin II (Ang II) and estrogen (Est) on blood pressure in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Therefore, in the present study, the interaction between Ang II and Est in ovariectomized (Ovx) and Sham rats that were treated with DOCA- salt was evaluated.

Materials And Methods: The female rats were divided into 10 groups as follows: Sham, Ovx, Sham-DOCA, Ovx-DOCA, Sham-DOCA-estrogen (E), Ovx DOCA-E, Sham-DOCA-losartan (L), Ovx-DOCA-L, Sham-DOCA-L-E, and Ovx-DOCA-L-E.

Vasopressin and sympathetic system mediate the cardiovascular effects of the angiotensin II in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in rat.

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is involved in cardiovascular regulation. The angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor (AT1), and angiotensinogen were found in the BST. In our previous study we found that microinjection of Ang II into the BST produced a pressor response.