Effects of Mephedrone and Amphetamine Exposure during Adolescence on Spatial Memory in Adulthood: Behavioral and Neurochemical Analysis.

A synthetic cathinone, mephedrone is widely abused by adolescents and young adults. Despite its widespread use, little is known regarding its long-term effects on cognitive function. Therefore, we assessed, for the first time, whether (A) repeated mephedrone (30 mg/kg, i.

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors among Terpenes-Extraction Conditions and Thin Layer Chromatography-Based Bioautography Studies.

Although numerous studies have been conducted on ginger extracts and fractions, the data on the pharmacological activity of single constituents of are still insufficient. To assess the antidementia properties of the plant, a thin layer chromatography (TLC)-based bioautography acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assay was performed on the diethyl ether extract. It led to the recognition of three active inhibitors among volatile constituents of the plant: -curcumene (A), -sesquiphellandrene (B) and zingiberene (C).

Fast consumption increases the risk of overweight and obesity.

Background: Overweight and obesity are a problem negatively affecting human health. Besides the excess of energy from food, development of overweight can also result from food preferences, the frequency of meals and the speed of eating.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of eating habits and physical activity on the occurrence of overweight and obesity.

Selenium prevents lithium accumulation and does not disturb basic microelement homeostasis in liver and kidney of rats exposed to lithium.

Introduction: Lithium has been used in medicine for almost seventy years. Besides beneficial effects, its therapy may cause serious side-effects, with kidney and liver being the organs most vulnerable to its harmful influence. Therefore, research on protective agents against lithium toxicity has been continuing for some time.

Applications of Tea () and its Active Constituents in Cosmetics.

Studies on the cosmetic applications of plant extracts are increasingly appearing in the scientific literature, which is due to the growing popularity of skincare products around the world. In the light of the observed changes, a return to natural treatment and skincare with cosmetics free of harmful substances or toxic preservatives is visible. Currently, tea extracts, due to their rich composition and various biological actions, play an important role among the dietary supplements and cosmetics.

Antimicrobial Potential of Single Metabolites of Curcuma longa Assessed in the Total Extract by Thin-Layer Chromatography-Based Bioautography and Image Analysis.

from Zingiberaceae belongs to the major spices consumed around the world, known from its cholagogue, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Lack of data on the activity of single components of turmeric extract encouraged the authors to apply TLC (thin-layer chromatography) based bioautography studies to reveal its antimicrobial constituents and construct a universal platform for the bioactivity assessment of crude extracts, with help of a freeware ImageJ software. This optimized chromatographic bioassay performed on diethyl ether and methanol extracts of was successfully applied on the total extract and revealed the antimicrobial potential of single components against a variety of Gram-positive strains, with no need for their isolation from the mixture.

Lithium disturbs homeostasis of essential microelements in erythrocytes of rats: Selenium as a protective agent?

Background: Selenium is an essential element which shows protective properties against diverse harmful factors. Lithium compounds are widely used in medicine, but, in spite of undoubted beneficial effects, treatment with these compounds may lead to severe side effects, including renal, gastrointestinal, neurological, endocrine and metabolic disorders. This study was aimed at evaluating the influence of selenium and/or lithium on lithium, iron, zinc and copper content in rats' erythrocytes as well as estimate the action of additional selenium on lithium exposure effects.

Green Tea Quality Evaluation Based on Its Catechins and Metals Composition in Combination with Chemometric Analysis.

Green tea infusions are one of the most popular beverages consumed across the world, especially is Asian countries. Green tea quality is primarily based on catechin content, however, the concentration of elements could also significantly influence its biological properties and thus quality and safety. The main purpose of the present study was the evaluation of catechin, antioxidant activity and metal content (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni) in different green tea types cultivated in Japan, Sri Lanka, South Korea, India, China and Japan.

MAO-A Inhibitory Potential of Terpene Constituents from Ginger Rhizomes-A Bioactivity Guided Fractionation.

Background: In the search for novel antidepressive drug candidates, bioguided fractionation of nonpolar constituents present in the oleoresin from ginger rhizomes ( Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) was performed. This particular direction of the research was chosen due to the existing reports on the antidepressive properties of ginger total extract. The search for individual metabolites acting as MAO-A inhibitors, which correspond to the apparent effect of the total extract, is the subject of this work.

Application of Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Methods towards the Quality Assessment of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizomes from Ecological Plantations.

The usefulness of ginger in the food industry and pharmacotherapy is strictly related to its content of various components. The study elucidates the chemical composition of rhizomes cultivated on ecological plantations on Shikoku Island (Japan). GC-MS analysis of terpene content, LC-MS determination of phenolic content, and the determination of 12 elements using AAS spectrometry were performed to give more detailed insight into the samples.

Dietary intake of metals by the young adult population of Eastern Poland: Results from a market basket study.

Dietary intake of macro-, trace and toxic elements was determined among the young adult population of Eastern Poland. The study was performed in 2011-2013 and involved 583 participants living in Lublin and its province. Dietary intakes of metals were determined using a 24h dietary recall technique and a market basket method.

Content of Selected Minerals and Active Ingredients in Teas Containing Yerba Mate and Rooibos.

The study aimed to determine the content of selected elements: sodium, potassium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and active ingredients such as phenolic acids and tannins in teas containing Yerba Mate and Rooibos cultivated in various areas. The study material comprised six samples of Yerba Mate teas and of Rooibos teas, both tea bags and leaves, purchased in Puławy and online via Allegro. In total, 24 samples were tested.

[Production and assessing release of imipramine and magnesium from tablets].

Background: In the pharmaceutical technology there is a trend to produce tablets composed of several medicinal substances to increase therapeutic effect and reduce the frequency of drug administration. In the literature there are reports concerning pharmacological studies in which a potentiation of the effects has been observed after a co-administration of antidepressant imipramine and magnesium. Currently, there is no formulation on the market comprising imipramine and magnesium, therefore, it was decided to produce uncoated tablets.

Dietary exposure to cadmium, lead and nickel among students from south-east Poland.

The dietary intake of cadmium, lead and nickel was determined among students from three universities in the city of Lublin in south-east Poland to assess the levels of exposure to these contaminants, compared to PTWI and TDI values. The study was performed in 2006–2010 and involved 850 daily food rations of students. The technique of 24-hour dietary recall and diet duplicates was used.

Application of TLC method with video scanning in estimation of daily dietary intake of specific flavonoids--preliminary studies.

Flavonoids, substances present in foods of plant origin, play an important role in many metabolic processes. Numerous properties of these substances were described, including their anti-allergic, antitumor and antioxidant properties. Therefore, an increased intake of these nutrients may play a beneficial role in human health.

Exposure to cadmium, lead and mercury in the adult population from Eastern Poland, 1990--2002.

The aim was to estimate the adult exposure to cadmium, lead and mercury from daily household diets in Eastern Poland (Lublin city and province). A duplicate diet approach was used to top collect diet samples in 1990, 1993, 1998 and 2002. Cadmium and lead contents were measured by flame atomic absorption and the mercury content was measured by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry.

Spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II) and Zn(II) in the pharmaceutical multivitamin preparations with microelements.

3-mercapto-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylazo-1')-1,2,4-triazole (METRIAP), 3-mercapto-5-(2,4-dihydroxy-3-carboxyphenylazo-1)-1,2,4-triazole (METRIAREZ-gamma) and 2-mercapto-5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-carboxyphenylazol-)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (METIDAREZ-beta), reagents synthesized in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry of Medical University in Lublin, have been used to determine Fe(II) and Zn(II) in Materna, Centrum, H-Pantoten pharmaceutical multivitamin preparations, containing other trace elements. Zn (II) with METRIAREZ-gamma at pH=7.35, and Fe(II) with METRIAP and METIDAREZ-beta at pH=10.

Metallothioneins and microelements in brain tumours.

Metallothioneins take part in the homeostasis of the ions of the metals which are necessary for the proper metabolism of the organism (zinc, copper), biosynthesis regulation of the zinc containing proteins. They also take part in the detoxication of metals from the tissues. Besides,they protect the tissue from the effects of free radicals, radiation, electrophilic pharmacologic agents used in the cancer therapy and from mutagens.

Alimentary chromium, nickel, and selenium intake of adults in poland estimated by analysis and calculations using the duplicate portion technique.

Chromium, nickel, and selenium have been known to be essential for proper functioning of human organisms. Since the Polish data concerning their content in diets are scarce, the study was undertaken to examine the levels of these elements in daily food rations (DFRs) in adults from the Lublin region in 1990, 1993, 1997, 1998, and 2002. The aim was to compare the results obtained by the calculation technique based on the national database with those of the DFR chemical analysis.

[Cereal products as a source of selenium in Polish food rations].

The aim of the study was to update the data concerning the level of selenium in cereal products and to determine its uptake with daily food rations and percentage of cereal products in the 24-hour pool of selenium ingested. Selenium was determined fluorometrically after the reaction of Se (IV) with 2.3-diaminonaphthalene and extraction of naphtho-[2.

[Nutritive value of daily food rations reproduced in several regions of Poland. Part VII. Evaluation of cobalt, chromium, nickel and selenium intakes].

On the basis of the data of the Chief Census Bureau, concerning the consumption of more than 80 food products, we reproduced in years 1987 and 1988 in Lublin, Olsztyn, Poznań, Warszawa and Wrocław the food rations characteristic of manual workers' families and of other families with medium incomes. In samples of these diets, chromium, cobalt and nickel were determined by the ASA method, and selenium-spectrophotometrically. Daily intakes were: for cobalt 15-32 micrograms, chromium 65-187 micrograms, nickel 138-316 micrograms and selenium 93-233 micrograms.

[Evaluation of cadmium, mercury and lead intake with reproduced weekly food rations].

In Lublin, Olsztyn, Poznań, Warszawa and Wrocław, weekly food rations characteristic of families other than those of manual workers, with medium incomes, were reproduced. Food rations comprised ca. 90 food products whose average weekly intakes were established consistently with the results of questionnaires of the Chief Census Bureau.

Membrane ATPase, erythrocyte sodium and potassium in haemodialysis patients.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of chronic renal failure as well as dialysate sodium concentration during haemodialysis on membrane ATPase activity and erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentration. Intracellular Na and K were not changed in patients when compared to normal subjects. There was, however, a significant decrease of Na-K-ATPase activity in patients versus controls.

[Evaluation of cadmium, mercury and lead intake with daily food rations].

Using the data of the Central Statistical Bureau concerning the consumption of about 90 basic food products daily food rations were reproduced as taken by medium-income worker families. The diets were reproduced in Lublin, Olsztyn, Poznań, Warsaw and Wrocław determining in them cadmium, mercury and lead by atomic absorption spectrophometry. It was found that weekly intake of cadmium with food rations was in the range from 133 to 189 mcg, that of lead was 504 to 952 mcg, and mercury from 61.