Phenotypic variation in biting behavior associated with differences in expression of olfactory genes in the vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).

We evaluated miRNA and mRNA expression differences in head tissues between avid-biting vs. reluctant-biting Aedes albopictus (Skuse) females from a single population over a 20-min timescale. We found no differences in miRNA expression between avid vs.

MicroRNA Expression Prior to Biting in a Vector Mosquito Anticipates Physiological Processes Related to Energy Utilization, Reproduction and Immunity.

Understanding the molecular and physiological processes underlying biting behavior in vector mosquitoes has important implications for developing novel strategies to suppress disease transmission. Here, we conduct small-RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the head tissues of two subspecies of that differ in biting behavior and the ability to produce eggs without blood feeding. We identified eight differentially expressed miRNAs between biting (Pipiens) and non-biting (Molestus); six of these miRNAs have validated functions or predicted targets related to energy utilization (miR8-5-p, miR-283, miR-2952-3p, miR-1891), reproduction (miR-1891), and immunity (miR-2934-3p, miR-92a, miR8-5-p).

Grf10 regulates the response to copper, iron, and phosphate in Candida albicans.

The pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, and other microbes must be able to handle drastic changes in nutrient availability within the human host. Copper, iron, and phosphate are essential micronutrients for microbes that are sequestered by the human host as nutritional immunity; yet high copper levels are employed by macrophages to induce toxic oxidative stress. Grf10 is a transcription factor important for regulating genes involved in morphogenesis (filamentation, chlamydospore formation) and metabolism (adenylate biosynthesis, 1-carbon metabolism).

Conserved molecular pathways underlying biting in two divergent mosquito genera.

Mosquitoes transmit a wide variety of devastating pathogens when they bite vertebrate hosts and feed on their blood. However, three entire mosquito genera and many individual species in other genera have evolved a nonbiting life history in which blood is not required to produce eggs. Our long-term goal is to develop novel interventions that reduce or eliminate the biting behavior in vector mosquitoes.

Clinical Characteristics and Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in US Children, 2015-2018.

Background: Pneumonia has a major impact on childhood health and health care costs. This study was designed to obtain contemporary information on the clinical characteristics and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children from both inpatient and outpatient settings in the USA.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study of CAP among previously healthy children 2 months to 18 years of age in 6 children's hospitals in Ohio from 2015 to 2018.

Primary Central Nervous System Malignant Melanoma in Children: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

We describe 2 cases of rapidly progressive primary central nervous system malignant melanoma, and summarize 18 previously reported cases of this extremely rare tumor in children. Both patients presented with focal neurologic symptoms, with no evidence of skin or other organ system involvement. One patient was treated with temozolomide and etoposide, whereas the other was treated with multiple surgical resections, radiation therapy, and a trial of ipilimumab.

Viability of fungal and actinomycetal spores after microwave radiation of building materials.

The effects of microwave radiation on viability of fungal and actinomycetal spores growing on agar (medium optimal for growth) as well as on wooden panel and drywall (common building construction/finishing materials) were studied. All materials were incubated at high (97-99%) and low (32-33%) relative humidity to mimic "wet" and "dry" environmental conditions. Two microwave power densities (10 and 60 mW/cm2) and three times of exposure (5, 30, and 60 min) were tested to find the most effective parameters of radiation which could be applied to non-invasive reduction or cleaning of building materials from microbial contaminants.

[Methods for in vivo measurement of light transparency in the human crystalline lens].

A method for the in vivo measurement of light transparency of the human crystalline lens, based on the measurement of the blue and red light threshold radiance, in presented. The threshold limit values for radiances of 477 nm (blue) and 620 nm (red) were measured for people at age from 17 to 66 years old without cataract. The people recognised the geometric figures by left and right eye separately, after being adapted to darkness.

[Limits in the use of cobalt filters for protection against infrared radiation].

Cobaltic filters are widely used to protect eyes against infrared radiation. They absorb a greater part of the incident on the filter radiation. The radiation absorbed by the filter enhances its temperature and thus increases infrared radiation regenerated by the filter.

[Influence of low frequency electromagnetic fields on the nervous system].

The methods present a short review of the literature dealing with non-thermal bioeffect of electromagnetic fields (EMF), mainly of low and extremely low frequency. The main attention is paid to the information about disorders of the nervous system and about epidemiologic studies of brain tumors in the population exposed to EMF. All quoted authors have stressed great difficulties in the right assessment of adverse effects due to EMF's because of their non-specific influence on the biological structures.

[Usefulness of selected psychophysical methods in the evaluation of lighting conditions].

The author examined the frequency of blinking and the position of the near point influenced by practicing a work of considerable visual requirements in various conditions of illumination. It was established that a 7-hours work causes an increase in the frequency of blinking in all the examined persons and receding of the near point in 93 p.c.

[Evaluation of the optical properties of video display terminals].

Video display terminals (VDTs) pose to these operating then professionally risks resulting from optical properties of the screen, lighting conditions and organization of VDT workplaces. The latest Polish VDTs have been tested to determine their ultraviolet and infrared radiation, screen luminance depth and light reflection factors of the casing, key-buttons and documents serving as information sources. The ultraviolet and infrared radiation did not reach a health-hazardous level, however the light reflection factors were highly differentiated and showed unsuitable distribution inside the operator's visual field; the luminance pulsation of the screen exhibits a considerable depth.

[Effect of directed infrared radiation on the skin and eye of rabbits after acute and chronic exposure].

The establish a threshold dose, an acute experiment was carried out by 30 min. radiation of the rabbit's shaved head with all ranges of infrared, 200 W/m2, 350 W/m2 and 500 W/m2 intensities. Irradiation was prolonged up to 2 hrs.