Publications by authors named "Maryia Bakhtsiyarava"

Article Synopsis
  • - Heatwaves in Latin America are expected to become more frequent, longer, and more intense by mid-century, with even greater increases under the high emissions scenario (RCP8.5) compared to the low emissions scenario (RCP2.6).
  • - The frequency of heatwaves may double across most of Latin America, leading to a significant increase in population exposure to extreme heat, projected to rise by three to ten times in Central and South America.
  • - Following a low emissions pathway (RCP2.6) could significantly reduce heatwave exposure—by 57% in Central America and 50% in South America—emphasizing the need for emissions control and sustainable practices to mitigate climate change impacts. *
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Climate hazards threaten the health and wellbeing of people living in urban areas. This study characterized reported climate hazards, adaptation action, and barriers to adaptation in 124 Latin American cities, and associations of climate hazards with urban social and built environment characteristics. We examined cities that responded to a global environmental disclosure system and that were included in the Urban Health in Latin America (SALURBAL) Project database.

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Article Synopsis
  • Climate change is causing more flooding, especially in cities in Latin American countries where people have less money.
  • The study looked at 276 cities and found that neighborhoods with lower education levels have a lot more flooding.
  • It's really important for leaders to focus on helping these neighborhoods deal with floods because people there are at higher risk.
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Article Synopsis
  • Urban warming affects the health of city residents, particularly in the Global South, and its causes are not well understood.
  • A study of 359 Latin American cities from 2001 to 2022 found that better economic conditions correlated with less urban greenness in 2011, leading to increased warming.
  • Recent efforts to increase urban greenery partially mitigated this warming effect, especially in arid cities, highlighting the complex relationship between economic conditions, green space, and urban heat.
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Green vegetation may protect against heat-related death by improving thermal comfort. Few studies have investigated associations of green vegetation with heat-related mortality in Latin America or whether associations are modified by the spatial configuration of green vegetation. We used data from 323 Latin American cities and meta-regression models to estimate associations between city-level greenness, quantified using population-weighted normalized difference vegetation index values and modeled as three-level categorical terms, and excess deaths from heat (heat excess death fractions [heat EDFs]).

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Acute malnutrition affects a sizeable number of young children around the world, with serious repercussions for mortality and morbidity. Among the top priorities in addressing this problem are to anticipate which children tend to be susceptible and where and when crises of high prevalence rates would be likely to arise. In this article, we highlight the potential role of conflict and climate conditions as risk factors for acute malnutrition, while also assessing other vulnerabilities at the individual- and household-levels.

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Background: In Latin America, where climate change and rapid urbanization converge, non-optimal ambient temperatures contribute to excess mortality. However, little is known about area-level characteristics that confer vulnerability to temperature-related mortality.

Objectives: Explore city-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics associated with temperature-related mortality in Latin American cities.

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Background: Extreme temperatures may lead to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, including low birthweight. Studies on the impact of temperature on birthweight have been inconclusive due to methodological challenges related to operationalizing temperature exposure, the definitions of exposure windows, accounting for gestational age, and a limited geographic scope.

Methods: We combined data on individual-level term live births (N≈15 million births) from urban areas in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico from 2010 to 2015 from the SALURBAL study (Urban Health in Latin America) with high-resolution daily air temperature data and computed average ambient temperature for every month of gestation for each newborn.

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Climate change and urbanization are rapidly increasing human exposure to extreme ambient temperatures, yet few studies have examined temperature and mortality in Latin America. We conducted a nonlinear, distributed-lag, longitudinal analysis of daily ambient temperatures and mortality among 326 Latin American cities between 2002 and 2015. We observed 15,431,532 deaths among ≈2.

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Background: Most studies of the climate footprint of diets have been conducted in countries in the global north, but the majority of the world population lives in global south countries. We estimated total dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) in Mexico, examined the contribution of major food and beverage groups, and assessed variation across social groups.

Methods: We linked individual-level dietary data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018 to the SHARP Indicators Database, containing GHGE estimates for 182 primary food and beverages.

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We examine the relationships between climatic conditions, breastfeeding behavior, and maternal time use in Ethiopia. Infant feeding practices are important predictors of child nutrition that may be affected by a number of factors including mother's time engaging in agricultural labor, food security, cultural beliefs, and antenatal care. We use panel data from the Living Standards Measurement Study to investigate linkages between climatic conditions during a child's first year of life and year prior to birth and duration of exclusive breastfeeding.

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Objectives: To examine an association between climate variability and birth weight in Mali and Kenya in relation to the local agricultural specialization.

Methods: We combined health and sociodemographic data from the Demographic Health Surveys for Kenya (2008 and 2014) and Mali (2006 and 2012) with detailed data on precipitation, temperature, and vegetation. We analyzed the association between climate variability and birth weight by using multilevel regression models for the most common agricultural specializations: food cropping, cash cropping, and pastoralism.

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Research often assumes that, in rural areas of developing countries, adverse climatic conditions increase (climate driver mechanism) rather than reduce (climate inhibitor mechanism) migration, and that the impact of climate on migration is moderated by changes in agricultural productivity (agricultural pathway). Using representative census data in combination with high-resolution climate data derived from the novel Terra Populus system, we explore the climate-migration relationship in rural Burkina Faso and Senegal. We construct four threshold-based climate measures to investigate the effect of heat waves, cold snaps, droughts and excessive precipitation on the likelihood of household-level international outmigration.

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Environmental inequality scholarship has paid little attention to the disproportional exposure of immigrants in the United States (U.S.) to unfavorable environmental conditions.

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Adverse climatic conditions may differentially drive human migration patterns between rural and urban areas, with implications for changes in population composition and density, access to infrastructure and resources, and the delivery of essential goods and services. However, there is little empirical evidence to support this notion. In this study, we investigate the relationship between climate shocks and migration between rural and urban areas within Mexico.

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