Interplay between SARS-CoV-2-derived miRNAs, immune system, vitamin D pathway and respiratory system.

The new coronavirus pandemic started in China in 2019. The intensity of the disease can range from mild to severe, leading to death in many cases. Despite extensive research in this area, the exact molecular nature of virus is not fully recognized; however, according to pieces of evidence, one of the mechanisms of virus pathogenesis is through the function of viral miRNAs.

Decreasing the immunogenicity of Erwinia chrysanthemi asparaginase via protein engineering: computational approach.

Immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins is one of the main challenges in disease treatment. L-Asparaginase is an important enzyme in cancer treatment which sometimes leads to undesirable side effects such as immunogenic or allergic responses. Here, to decrease Erwinase (Erwinia chrysanthemiL-Asparaginase) immunogenicity, which is the main drawback of the enzyme, firstly conformational B cell epitopes of Erwinase were predicted from three-dimensional structure by three different computational methods.

Staphylokinase Enzyme: An Overview of Structure, Function and Engineered Forms.

Background: One of the most important causes of death in the modern lifestyle is acute ischemic stroke, which is related to thrombosis in the blood vessels. Staphylokinase (SAK), a fibrinolytic agent, which is produced mainly by Staphylococcus aureus, is an indirect activator of plasminogen and belongs to the third generation of fibrinolytic enzymes.

Methods: Considering the very low level of production and immunogenicity concerns of natural SAK produced by Staphylococcus aureus, attempts have been made to produce recombinant SAKs with high production levels, more fibrinolytic activities and low immunogenicity.

Therapeutic Enzymes: Applications and Approaches to Pharmacological Improvement.

Background: Among therapeutic proteins, enzymes represent small and of course profitable market. They can be used to treat important, rare, and deadly diseases. Enzyme therapy is the only available treatment for certain disorders.

Ascorbic acid antagonizes nicotine-induced place preference and behavioral sensitization in mice.

In the present study, the influence of ascorbic acid on the nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference was investigated in mice. In the place preference paradigm, intraperitoneal (i.p.