Precision oncology: Using cancer genomics for targeted therapy advancements.

Cancer genomics plays a crucial role in oncology by enhancing our understanding of how genes drive cancer and facilitating the development of improved treatments. This field meticulously examines various cancers' genetic makeup through various methodologies, leading to groundbreaking discoveries. Innovative tools such as rapid gene sequencing, single-cell studies, spatial gene mapping, epigenetic analysis, liquid biopsies, and computational modeling have significantly progressed the field.

Tumor microenvironment and cancer metastasis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer development and metastasis. This review summarizes the current research on how the TME promotes metastasis through molecular pathways, focusing on key components, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, cytokines, and the extracellular matrix. Significant findings have highlighted that alterations in cellular communication within the TME enable tumor cells to evade immune surveillance, survive, and invade other tissues.

EZH2-associated tumor malignancy: A prominent target for cancer treatment.

The discussion in this review centers around the significant relationships between EZH2 and the initiation, progression, metastasis, metabolism, drug resistance, and immune regulation of cancer. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which encompass two primary Polycomb repressor complexes (PRC1 and PRC2), have been categorized. PRC2 consists mainly of four subunits, namely EZH2, EED, SUZ12, and RbAp46/48.

Comprehensive analysis of resilience of human airway epithelial barrier against short-term PM2.5 inorganic dust exposure using in vitro microfluidic chip and ex vivo human airway models.

Background And Objective: The updated World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline recommends an annual mean concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) not exceeding 5 or 15 μg/m in the short-term (24 h) for no more than 3-4 days annually. However, more than 90% of the global population is currently exposed to daily concentrations surpassing these limits, especially during extreme weather conditions and due to transboundary dust transport influenced by climate change.

The future of cancer therapy: exploring the potential of patient-derived organoids in drug development.

Cancer therapy is on the brink of a significant transformation with the inclusion of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) in drug development. These three-dimensional cell cultures, directly derived from a patient's tumor, accurately replicate the complex structure and genetic makeup of the original cancer. This makes them a promising tool for advancing oncology.

In vitro anti-carcinogenic effect of andarine as a selective androgen receptor modulator on MIA-PaCa-2 cells by decreased proliferation and cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to be devastating due to its highly malignant nature and poor prognosis. The limited benefits of the chemotherapeutic drugs and increasing resistance pose a critical challenge to overcome and warrant investigations for new therapeutic agents. Several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested a possible role of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway in PC development and progression.

Correlation between Ubiquitin E3 Ligases (s) and Heat Shock Protein 90 in Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and differences in the expression levels of the ER, PR, and HER2 the triplet of established biomarkers used for clinical decision-making have been reported among breast cancer patients. Furthermore, resistance to anti-estrogen and anti-HER2 therapies emerges in a considerable rate of breast cancer patients, and novel drug therapies are required. Several anomalous signaling pathways have been known in breast cancer have been known; heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is one of the most plenty proteins in breast cells.

Targeting UPR signaling pathway by dasatinib as a promising therapeutic approach in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease that mediated by BCR/ABL oncogenic signaling. CML can be targeted with the imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib TKI inhibitors, the latter two of them have been approved for imatinib-resistant or -intolerant CML patients. The TKIs resistance occurs by different molecular mechanisms, including overexpression of BCR-ABL, mutations in the TKI binding site of BCR/ABL, and ER-stress.

The effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Dabrafenib combination on apoptosis and the genes involved in epigenetic events in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer cases with poor prognosis are associated with epigenetic modifications such as abnormal DNA methylation. Epigallocathesin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol compound of green tea that is still under investigation on its role in cancer prevention. EGCG is known as an epigenetic diet in DNA methyltransferase inhibitor.

The expression and prognostic value of miR-146a and miR-155 in Turkish patients with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Interactions between environmental factors, predisposition genes, and determining genes appear to be involved in its etiology. Epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNA-mediated gene regulation can determine the susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases.

Clinicopathologic features and genetic characteristics of the BRCA1/2 mutation in Turkish breast cancer patients.

The aim of this study was to identify the frequency and spectrum of germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic alterations in a cohort of patients with breast carcinoma. In this study, a total of 603 breast cancer subjects from Turkey were screened for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations using HDA and Sanger sequencing. In the present study, 21 BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants were detected in 30 patients and BRCA1/2 mutations were significantly associated with a family history of breast/ovarian cancer.