Duplication of the inferior vena cava and thrombosis: A rare case.

Duplication of inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare finding in radiologic studies and its coincidence with thrombosis is even rarer. Here we described a rare case with duplication of IVC and symptomatic venous thrombosis of her lower extrimity.

An unusual cause of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a disseminated form of thrombotic microangiopathy. Although most cases are assumed to be idiopathic, its association with malignancy is well-recognized and it usually occurs at the terminal stage of cancer. The condition is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Polymorphism of the promoter region of C-509T of transforming growth factor-beta1 gene and ulcerative colitis.

Background: Transforming growth factor-beta is a regulatory protein that plays a key role in inflammatory, fibrotic, and immunological events in the intestinal mucosa. Recently, attention has been focused on the role of transforming growth factor-beta in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-beta mRNA in the lamina propria and a disordered expression pattern of transforming growth factor-beta1 receptors I and II in epithelial cells have been documented in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.