Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings following posterior Sagital Ano-Recto Plasty (PSARP) in Severe Incontinent Children with High Imperforate Anus (IA).

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate pelvic MRI accuracy for measurement of anatomical land marks in severe fecal incontinent (FI) children with high imperforate anus (IA).

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 children (40 cases and 40 controls) aged more than 4 years with severe FI were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed by a radiologist with the same device.

Usage of ultrasound indices in nocturnal enuresis treated with desmopressin therapy.

Background: Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem in children and could be treated with desmopressin therapy. Here we assessed ultrasound indices affecting disease severity and treatment responses in candidates for pharmacotherapy for nocturnal enuresis.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 2021-2022 on children diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis and candidates for desmopressin therapy.

Association of RASis and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors with clinical manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: Results from the Khorshid Coronavirus Disease Cohort Study.

Background: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEinhs) may deteriorate or improve the clinical manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the association of ARBs/ACEinhs and hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (HMGRis) with clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials And Methods: From April 4 to June 2, 2020, 659 patients were categorized according to whether they were taking ARB, ACEinh, or HMGRi drugs or none of them.

Primary Esophageal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in a Child: A Case Report with Review on Demography, Presentation, Treatment, and Survival.

Primary gastrointestinal small cell carcinoma is reported 0.1%-1.0% of malignant gastrointestinal tumors and predominantly in the esophagus.

The Effect of Low-Grade Intraventricular Hemorrhage on the Neurodevelopment of Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Objective: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a significant concern for premature very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates worldwide. Recently, the popular theory of the benign nature of low-grade IVH has been argued with uncertain outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effect of low-grade IVH on the neurodevelopment of VLBW neonates.

Comparison of diagnostic values of two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for diagnosis of breast lesions.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a pivotal role in diagnosing breast lesions. Here we aimed to compare the diagnostic values of Abbreviated and Full Breast MRI for breast lesions.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed in 2017-2021 on 80 women with breast lesions.

Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children with Renal Failure Underwent Treatment with Dialysis.

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children with renal failure under treatment with dialysis and its association with biochemical measurements.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, children aged less than 18 years with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who were under treatment with dialysis at least 3 months ago were enrolled. To evaluate fatty liver in those patients who had no recent liver ultrasonography (last 6 months), liver ultrasonography was performed.

Prevalence of nephrocalcinosis in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Background: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of nephrocalcinosis (NC) among children with diagnosed congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Our findings would be helpful for earlier diagnosis, management, and prevention of NC-related complications.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, children with CAH, aged <18 years old who were regularly referred for follow-up, were included.

Homozygous TFG gene variants expanding the mutational and clinical spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia 57 and a review of literature.

In recent years, the tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene (TFG) has been linked to diverse hereditary neurodegenerative disorders, including a very rare complex hereditary spastic paraplegia, named spastic paraplegia type 57 (SPG57). Until now, four pathogenic homozygous variants of the TFG gene have been reported associated with SPG57. Two consanguineous Iranian families (1 and 2), the first one with two affected members and the second one with one, all with an early-onset progressive muscle weakness, spasticity, and several neurological symptoms were examined via the whole-exome sequencing.

Identification of a Missense Variant in the EIF2B3 Gene Causing Vanishing White Matter Disease with Antenatal-Onset but Mild Symptoms and Long-Term Survival.

Vanishing white matter disease (VWM) is a rare autosomal recessive leukodystrophy caused by a mutation in any of the five gene encoding subunits of the translation initiation factors eIF2B1 to eIF2B5. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on a 7-year-old boy with prenatal symptoms, including intrauterine-growth retardation, decreased movements, and oligohydramnios as well as mild intellectual disability, optic atrophy, macrocephaly, mild ataxia, and white matter lesions after birth. Analysis of WES data revealed a homozygous missense variant, c.

Comparing Sedative Effect of Dexmedetomidine versus Midazolam for Sedation of Children While Undergoing Computerized Tomography Imaging.

Background: Pediatric anxiety and restlessness may create issues and difficulties in performing accurate diagnostic studies even noninvasive ones, such as radiological imaging. There are some agents that will help to get this goal. This study aimed to compare the intranasal effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and midazolam (MID) for sedation parameters of children undergoing computerized tomography (CT) imaging.

Predictive value of colonic transit time indices for differentiating nonnormal from normal sensation in children with chronic functional constipation identified by anorectal manometry.

Background: Constipation is a common disorder in pediatrics, although the underlying pathogenesis is not fully understood. The current study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of different colonic transit time (CTT) indices for differentiating normal from nonnormal sensation in children with chronic functional constipation identified by anorectal manometry (ARM).

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 47 children with chronic idiopathic constipation, aged 5-15 years, were studied.

Comparing the Sensitivity and Specificity of Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography and Fine Needle Aspiration in Determining Malignant Thyroid Nodules.

Background: Malignancy in thyroid nodules is a common clinical problem, and epidemiological studies have shown that it is increasing. Since malignancy is a very important problem in treating patients and misdiagnosis leads to many physical and financial damages, the importance of diagnostic methods becomes more important. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the two dimensional-shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) diagnostic method in comparison with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in determining the malignant thyroid nodules.

How may Doppler indices help in the differentiation of obstructive from nonobstructive hydronephrosis?

Background: We assess the potency of different Doppler indices in the differentiation of obstructive and nonobstructive hydronephrosis.

Materials And Methods: In this study, infants and children who were referred for the evaluation of unilateral hydronephrosis were enrolled. Ultrasonography for the assessment of the degree of hydronephrosis and a voiding cystourethrogram for the exclusion of vesicoureteral reflux was performed.

Doppler assessment of children with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in comparison with a healthy control group: An analytical cross-sectional study.

Background: Doppler ultrasonography (Doppler US) plays an important role in evaluating patients with liver cirrhosis. This study aims to investigate the hemodynamic alterations of hepatic artery and portal vein among children with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (esophageal varices).

Materials And Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study in Imam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, in 2016.

Two unusual sites of cystic lymphangioma in a child: A report of imaging profile with surgical and histopathologic findings.

Cystic lymphangioma (CL) is a benign lymphatic malformation mostly seen in the head and neck of neonates and infants. Abdominal CL is an unusual entity which may present in omentum, mesentery, abdominal wall, or solid organs. The authors present an unusual case with two separate abdominal cystic lymphangiomas.

Evaluation of the pelvic apophysis with multi-detector computed tomography for legal age estimation in living individuals.

Background: Legal age estimations of living individuals are gaining increasing importance for radiologists involved in delivering expert opinions. The present study aimed to assess the correlation between chronological age and apophyseal centers distance from pelvic bone.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 2013.