Biomarker Profile of Colorectal Cancer: Current Findings and Future Perspective.

Objective: Breakthroughs in omics technology have led to a deeper understanding of the fundamental molecular changes that play a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. This review delves into the hidden molecular drivers of colorectal cancer (CRC), offering potential for clinical translation through novel biomarkers and personalized therapies.

Methods: We summarizes recent studies utilizing various omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and data integration with computational algorithms, to investigate CRC.

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on lower extremity spasticity and motor function in stroke patients.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on lower extremity (LE) spasticity, motor function and motor neurone excitability in chronic stroke patients.

Method: This study was a randomised sham-controlled cross-over trial with 1-week follow-up. A total of 20 post-stroke patients were randomised to receive active (n = 10) or sham (n = 10) rTMS.

A pilot study on the effects of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on lower extremity spasticity and motor neuron excitability in patients after stroke.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of low frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the lower extremity spasticity and motor neuron excitability in patients after stroke.

Methods: Seven patients after stroke aged 42-78 years were included in this pretest-posttest clinical trial. The rTMS at 1 Hz and duration of 20 min was applied to the intact leg motor cortex for five consecutive sessions.

Clinical assessment of ankle plantarflexor spasticity in adult patients after stroke: inter-and intra-rater reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale.

Primary Objective: To evaluate the reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) in the measurement of ankle plantarflexor spasticity in patients after stroke.

Research Design: Inter- and intra-rater reliability study.

Interventions: Not applicable.

Efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound and infrared in the management of muscle spasticity.

Primary Objective: This study was designed to compare the short-term effects of infrared (IR) and therapeutic ultrasound (US) on clinical and electrophysiological measures of spasticity and range of motion (ROM) in hemiplegic patients with plantar flexor muscle spasticity.

Research Design: A cross-sectional, single centre trial.

Interventions: Ultrasound and Infrared were used.