Comparison of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells with Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Other Sources: A Scoping Systematic Review of and Studies.

Objective: The application of stem cells in regenerative medicine depends on their biological properties. This scoping review aimed to compare the features of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSSCs) with stem cells derived from other sources.

Design: An electronic search in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct was conducted to identify and studies limited to English language.

3D Printed Composite Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of fabrication factors on both biological and physico-chemical features of 3-dimensional (3D) printed composite scaffolds.

Method: Electronic search was done according to the PRISMA guideline in PubMed and Scopus databases limited to English articles published until May 2021. Studies in which composite scaffolds were fabricated through computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CADCAM)- based methods were included.

Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Isolation Protocol: A Systematic Review.

Despite the plethora of literature regarding isolation and characterization of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), due to the existence of controversies in the results, in this comprehensive review, we aimed to summarize and compare the effect of isolation methods on PDLSC properties, including clonogenicity, viability/proliferation, markers expression, cell morphology, differentiation, and regeneration. Moreover, the outcomes of included studies, considering various parameters, such as teeth developmental stages, donor age, periodontal ligament health status, and part of the teeth root from which PDLSCs were derived, have been systematically discussed. It has been shown that from included studies, PDLSCs can be isolated from teeth at any developmental stages, health status condition, and donor age.

Immune checkpoint inhibition for the treatment of cancers: An update and critical review of ongoing clinical trials.

Advances in Cancer immunotherapy in the past few years include the development of medications that modulate immune checkpoint proteins. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are three co-inhibitory receptors that are expressed in the tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that target these biomarkers unleash the properties of effector T cells that are licensed to kill cancer cells.

Identification Osteogenic Signaling Pathways Following Mechanical Stimulation: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: It has been shown that mechanical forces can induce or promote osteogenic differentiation as well as remodeling of the new created bone tissues. To apply this characteristic in bone tissue engineering, it is important to know which mechanical stimuli through which signaling pathway has a more significant impact on osteogenesis.

Methods: In this systematic study, an electronic search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases.

Effect of metformin on the behavior of dental pulp stem cells cultured on freeze-dried bone allografts.

Background: Considering the complications associated with autogenous bone grafting, the use of freezedried bone allograft (FDBA) granules may be considered as an alternative treatment plan.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin on both the proliferation and osteogenic capability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) cultured on FDBA granules.

Material And Methods: First, a pilot study was conducted only on DPSCs to confirm cellular viability and the osteoinducing effect of 100 μmol/L metformin.

Bioreactor cultivation condition for engineered bone tissue: Effect of various bioreactor designs on extra cellular matrix synthesis.

Dynamic-based systems are bio-designed in order to mimic the micro-environments of the bone tissue. There is limited direct comparison between perfusion and perfusion-rotation forces in designing a bioreactor. Hence, in current study, we aimed to compare given bioreactors for bone regeneration.

Improved bone regeneration through amniotic membrane loaded with buccal fat pad-derived MSCs as an adjuvant in maxillomandibular reconstruction.

Background: Human amniotic membranes (HAMs), as a biological membrane with healing, osteogenic, and cell therapy potential, has been in the spotlight to enhance the outcomes of treating bone defects. Present study aims to clinically assess the potential of HAM loaded with buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (BFSCs) as an osteogenic coverage for onlay bone grafts to maxillomandibular bone defects.

Materials And Methods: Nine patients with jaw bone defects were enrolled in the present study.

Buccal Fat Pad-Derived Stem Cells in Three-Dimensional Rehabilitation of Large Alveolar Defects: A Report of Two Cases.

This case report seeks to describe efficient clinical application of adipose-derived stem cells (AdSCs) originated from buccal fat pad (BFP) in combination with conventional guided bone regeneration as protected healing space for reconstruction of large alveolar defects after extraction of multiple impacted teeth. The first case was a 19-year-old woman with several impacted teeth in the maxillary and mandibular regions, which could not be forced to erupt and were recommended for surgical extraction by the orthodontist. After this procedure, a large bone defect was created, and this space was filled by AdSC loaded natural bovine bone mineral (NBBM), which was protected with lateral ramus cortical plates, microscrews, and collagen membrane.

Antibody Administration for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review.

Background: Currently, antibodies are progressively applied in medicine for different purposes, including diagnostic and therapeutic indications. Over twenty monoclonal antibodies utilized for many therapeutic reasons from therapy of cancers, immune disorders, and osteoporosis to localized bony defects. In addition, therapeutic antibodies represented various findings in bone tissue engineering.

Application of Bioreactors to Improve Functionality of Bone Tissue Engineering Constructs: A Systematic Review.

Background: Traditional attempts to grow bone grafts in vitro have been based on culturing cell-scaffold constructs under static culture conditions. However, limitations associated with this approach have led to the development of various types of technologies and equipments. One of these is a bioreactor acting as an intermediate between static (in vitro) and dynamic (in vivo) conditions, which can mimic physiological and mechanical body conditions.

Polymeric vs hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds on dental pulp stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

Aim: To evaluate adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials.

Methods: hDPSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissues of extracted wisdom teeth and established in stem cell growth medium. hDPSCs at passage 3-5 were seeded on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials, SureOss (Allograft), Cerabone (Xenograft), PLLA (Synthetic), and OSTEON II Collagen (Composite), for 7 and 14 d in osteogenic medium.

Polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering: a literature review.

The tissue engineering scaffold acts as an extracellular matrix that interacts to the cells prior to forming new tissues. The chemical and structural characteristics of scaffolds are major concerns in fabricating of ideal three-dimensional structure for tissue engineering applications. The polymer scaffolds used for tissue engineering should possess proper architecture and mechanical properties in addition to supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.

Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 in dental follicle stem cells and its effect on osteogenic differentiation.

The dental follicle (DF) plays an essential role in tooth eruption via regulation of bone resorption and bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6) expression in the DF is coincident with bone growth in the tooth crypt. DF stem cells (DFSCs) have been shown to possess strong osteogenic capability.