Analytical chromatography approaches during the synthesis and conjugation of methoxypolyethylene glycol-succinimidyl butanoate (mPEG-SBA) to epoetin beta.

Conjugation of epoetin beta (EPO) with methoxypolyethylene glycol-succinimidyl butanoate (mPEG-SBA) was studied. The compound mPEG-SBA was synthesized from mPEG, and the obtained intermediates and final product were analyzed by a reversed-phase chromatographic system equipped with an evaporative light scattering detector. Labeling the hydroxyl group in PEGs with benzoyl chloride and succinimide with benzylamine was applied to resolve and characterize different PEGs.

Evaluation of Mast Cell Density using CD117 antibody and Microvessel Density Using CD34 Antibody in Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To compare mast cell and microvessel densities among histologic grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Setting: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 specimens of OSCC comprising 20 each of well, moderately and poorly differentiated were evaluated.

Hexagonal layered group IV-VI semiconductors and derivatives: fresh blood of the 2D family.

New phases of group IV-VI semiconductors in 2D hexagonal structures are predicted and their unusual physical properties are revealed. The structures of monolayer group IV-VI semiconductors are similar to those of blue phosphorene and each unit has the same ten valence electrons. The band gap of 2D hexagonal group IV-VI semiconductors depends on both the thickness and stacking order.

The Effect of Increased miR-16-1 Levels in Mouse Embryos on Epigenetic Modification, Target Gene Expression, and Developmental Processes.

Changes in microRNA (miRNA) levels are present in numerous diseases. Although these changes are particularly noted in male infertility, little is known about the effects of increased miR-16-1 in sperm from infertile men. In this study, we assessed the effects of increased mir-16-1 expression on the developmental process, epigenetic changes, and target gene expressions.

Fe-doped mayenite electride composite with 2D reduced Graphene Oxide: As a non-platinum based, highly durable electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Since the last decades, non-precious metal catalysts (NPMC), especially iron based electrocatalysts show sufficient activity, potentially applicant in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), however they only withstand considerable current densities at low operating potentials. On the other hand iron based electrocatalysts are not stable at elevated cathode potentials, which is essential for high energy competence, and its remains difficult to deal. Therefore, via this research a simple approach is demonstrated that allows synthesis of nanosize Fe-doped mayenite electride, [CaAlO]·(e) (can also write as, CAFe:e, where doping level, x = 1) (thereafter, Fe-doped C12A7:e), consist of abundantly available elements with gram level powder material production, based on simple citrate sol-gel method.

MicroRNA expression in infertile men: its alterations and effects.

Infertility is an important reproductive health problem, and male infertility is especially important in more than half of infertility cases. Due to the importance of genetic factors in this condition, analysis of semen alone is not enough to recognize men with idiopathic infertility. A molecular non-invasive investigation is necessary to gain valuable information.

Comparing the Efficacy of Two Drugs Senalin and Bisacodyl in Treatment of Constipation in Intensive Care Units' Patients.

Background: Constipation is an intestinal syndrome that can be created alone or in the context of another disease in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Given the role of sennosides in increasing the transfer rate of materials from the large intestine, we aimed to compare the effect of senalin with bisacodyl on the treatment of constipation in patients admitted to ICUs.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized, double-blind study, 70 patients admitted to the ICU were divided into two groups.

Correction to: An investigation into the prevalence of cognitive impairment and the performance of older adults in Guilan province.

[This corrects the article on p. 247 in vol. 11, PMID: 30364719.

An investigation into the prevalence of cognitive impairment and the performance of older adults in Guilan province.

The escalating rate of old people with a functional impairment in Iran and the weakness of the family support due to the diminishing of family size have increased the demand for long-term care for the elderly with cognitive impairment (CI). The purpose of this research is to explore the frequency of cognitive impairment in the elderly and its association with their daily functional impairment and disability. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study conducted in 2016-2017.

Protection of the Queuosine Biosynthesis Enzyme QueF from Irreversible Oxidation by a Conserved Intramolecular Disulfide.

QueF enzymes catalyze the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reduction of the nitrile group of 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ₀) to 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (preQ₁) in the biosynthetic pathway to the tRNA modified nucleoside queuosine. The QueF-catalyzed reaction includes formation of a covalent thioimide intermediate with a conserved active site cysteine that is prone to oxidation in vivo. Here, we report the crystal structure of a mutant of QueF, which reveals an unanticipated intramolecular disulfide formed between the catalytic Cys55 and a conserved Cys99 located near the active site.

Facile synthesis of flower-like platinum nanostructures as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol electro-oxidation.

This paper presents a facile approach for the synthesis of a novel Pt/graphene-nickel foam (Pt/GNF) electrode composed of flower-like Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and 3D graphene. The fabrication process involved the chemical vapor deposition of graphene onto Ni foam as a substrate and the subsequent growth of Pt NPs via a galvanic replacement reaction without using any seed and organic solvent. The surface morphology and composition of the prepared materials were characterized.