Comparison of urine trace element levels in tramadol addiction alone and its co-abuse with cigarette and opium in Western Iran.

Tramadol is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. Tramadol consumers tend to co-abuse some other substances such as opium, cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis and each of these substances may impair trace elements homeostasis in the body. Therefore, this case-control study aimed to compare the urinary concentration of some essential and toxic elements in tramadol addiction alone and its co-abuse with cigarette and opium in Western Iran.

Multivariate statistical evaluation of heavy metals in the urine of opium individuals in comparison with healthy people in Western Iran.

The current study aimed to evaluate the levels of some toxic and essential elements (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ti, Ni, Cr, Co, Fe, Ca, Hg, Mn, Se, and Zn) in the urine of opium-addicted compared to non-addicted cases. In this study, 126 participants were recruited and their fasting urine samples were collected (63 opium-addicted and 63 non-addicted subjects served as the reference group). ICP-MS was utilized to detect the concentration of trace elements.

The effect of child-abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of the parents with substance use disorder: Presenting a model of structural equations.

Child abuse may potentially create the behavioral problems particularly in the children of parents with substance use disorder. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate the effects of child abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of parents with substance use disorder using the emotional regulation and social skills as mediators. In this paper, the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied.

Comparison of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy and theory of mind on increasing social competence among abused children.

Background: In recent decades, the use of psychological methods has been considered to improve the barriers and challenges of abuse adolescent females. This study focuses on comparing the efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and theory of mind (ToM) on social competence among abused children.

Materials And Methods: A clinical trial was performed with 39 abused children as the subjects of the study.

Effects of Omega-3 Supplement in the Treatment of Patients with Bipolar I Disorder.

Background: Fatty acids play various physiological roles in the organism; they are crucial for the structure of cell membranes, metabolic processes, transmission of nerve impulses and brain functions. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to the rich sources of omega-3 for the treatment of many diseases, especially mental illnesses. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 supplement in the treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder (BID).