Metformin protects prepubertal mice ovarian reserve against cyclophosphamide via regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and Yap-1.

Background: Cyclophosphamide is a widely utilized chemotherapeutic agent for pediatric cancers, known to elicit adverse effects, including perturbation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Hippo signaling pathways, thereby diminishing ovarian reserve and fertility potential in females. Consequently, this investigation delves into the mitigative effects of metformin on cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian impairment in prepubertal mice.

Methods: Twenty-four 14-day-old NMRI female mice were distributed into four groups: Control (Cont), Cyclophosphamide (Cyc), Metformin (Met), and Metformin plus Cyclophosphamide (Met-Cyc).

Effects of hydroxytyrosol on post-thaw quality of rooster sperm.

Semen cryopreservation is one of the most important reproduction techniques in the livestock and poultry industry. Cryopreservation induces cold stress, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress causing structural and biochemical damages in sperm. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the hydroxytyrosol (HT), as an antioxidant, at the concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL on post-thaw semen quality metrics in rooster.

Effects of different extenders on epigenetic patterns and functional parameters of bull sperm during cryopreservation process.

The cryopreservation process induces alterations in cellular parameters and epigenetic patterns in bull sperm, which can be prevented by adding cryoprotectants in the freezing extenders. The purpose of this study was to compare the protective effects of two extenders based on soybean lecithin (SLE) and egg yolk (EYE) on epigenetic patterns and quality parameters of sperm such as motility parameters, mitochondrial membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation, viability, and apoptotic-like changes of bull sperm after cryopreservation. Results demonstrated that cryopreservation significantly (p < .

Protective Effect of -Acetylcysteine on Rooster Semen Cryopreservation.

Cryopreservation of avian semen is a useful reproductive technique in the poultry industry. However, during cooling, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels have destructive effects on both quality and function of thawed sperm. The aim of the current study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of -acetylcysteine (NAC) during rooster semen cryopreservation.

Evaluation of the effects of hydroxytyrosol on human sperm parameters during cryopreservation.

Human sperm cryopreservation is a routine procedure in assisted reproductive technology, but it has detrimental effects on different sperm parameters due to oxidative stress. Our objective was to assess the impacts of hydroxytyrosol (HT), as an antioxidant, on human sperm parameters following cryopreservation. In the first phase, 20 normal human semen samples were cryopreserved using the rapid freezing method with different concentrations of HT including 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL.

Immunomodulatory potential of human clonal mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle subpopulations in an inflammatory-mediated diabetic Rhesus monkey model.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of a homogenous clonal population of mesenchymal stem cells (cMSC) and their extracellular vesicles (cMSC-EV) subpopulations on isolated rat islets in vitro and in inflammatory-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1D) non-human primate models.

Main Methods: EV subpopulations were isolated from human bone marrow-derived cMSC supernatant by low- and high-speed ultracentrifuge (EV-20K and EV-U110K) and sucrose density gradient (EV-S110K). The EVs were characterized generally and for the level of albumin, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, co-isolate apoptotic markers, and expression of CD63/annexin V.

Comparative Epigenetic Analysis of Imprinting Genes Involved in Fertility, in Cryopreserved Human Sperms with Rapid Freezing versus Vitrification Methods.

Objective: Choosing the optimal method for human sperm cryopreservation seems necessary to reduce cryoinjury. The aim of this study is to compare two cryopreservation methods including rapid-freezing and vitrification, in terms of cellular parameters, epigenetic patterns and expression of paternally imprinted genes (PAX8, PEG3 and RTL1) in human sperm which play a role in male fertility.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, semen samples were collected from 20 normozoospermic men.

The Effects of Glycerophospholipid Nanomicelles on the Cryotolerance of Frozen-Thawed Rooster Sperm.

Semen banking is an efficient method of artificial insemination for commercial breeders. However, the cryopreservation process induces severe damages to plasma membranes, which leads to reduced fertility potential of thawed sperm. The replacement of membrane lipids with oxidized membrane lipids repairs the cell membrane and improves its stability.

Cryopreservation of Semen in Domestic Animals: A Review of Current Challenges, Applications, and Prospective Strategies.

Cryopreservation is a way to preserve germplasm with applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and conservation of endangered animals. Cryopreservation has been available for over a century, yet, using current methods, only around 50% of spermatozoa retain their viability after cryopreservation. This loss is associated with damage to different sperm components including the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs.

Sublethal Xanthine Oxidase Stress Prefreezing of Bull Sperm Improves the Post-Thaw Functionality and Fertility Potential Parameters.

Oxidative stress during cryopreservation causes mechanical, biochemical, and structural damage to the sperm, leading to lower viability and fertility potential. In recent years, a novel method based on the use of mild stress for preconditioning of sperm before cryopreservation has been applied to improve the quality of thawed sperm, although its molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of sublethal oxidative stress by xanthine oxidase (XO) on thawed bull sperm performance through modulations of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression.

Female Reproductive Health in SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Era.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic struck global health systems with overgrowing demands in many fields of health care; yet, reproductive care, particularly pregnancy care remains a special focus of interest. Pregnancy is a major physiologic change that alters temporarily normal function of many organs, and specifically the immune system. Therefore, pregnant women are more susceptible to respiratory pathogens compared to the others.

Preconditioning of bull semen with sub-lethal oxidative stress before cryopreservation: Possible mechanism of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2.

Preconditioning of sperm using sub-lethal oxidative stress before cryopreservation is an innovative approach that can improve sperm cryo-survival. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are critical in reducing ROS level during stress conditions. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether mild sub-lethal stress induced by low concentrations of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide has a protective effect on quality parameters of post-thaw bull semen through modulations of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression.

Proteomics study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying cryotolerance induced by mild sublethal stress in human sperm.

The preconditioning of human sperm with sublethal nitrosative stress before cryopreservation can potentially improve the thawed sperm quality. However, the underlying mechanisms behind this protective strategy are not entirely understood. We compared the cryosurvival of human sperm exposed to 0.

Possible Male Reproduction Complications after Coronavirus Pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a severe respiratory disease, affects various tissues and organs. The specific SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is highly expressed in male gonads. Thus, male reproductive tissues could be a potential target for virus colonization.

Improving the post-thaw quality of rooster semen using the extender supplemented with resveratrol.

Avian spermatozoa are highly susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the cryopreservation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of resveratrol (RSV) during rooster semen cryopreservation. Changes in expression of AMP-activated protein kinase as a possible mechanism behind the beneficial effects of resveratrol were also evaluated.

Protective Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Human Sperm Function During Cryopreservation.

The generation of reactive oxygen species during cryopreservation of human sperm has negative effects on the consistency of the thawed sperm. The antioxidant properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) may be useful for reducing cryodamage in thawed sperm. This research was conducted to determine the effects of CeONPs on the quality and function of human sperm after thawing.

Membrane lipid replacement with nano-micelles in human sperm cryopreservation improves post-thaw function and acrosome protein integrity.

Research Question: Membrane lipid replacement (MLR) of oxidized membrane lipids can restore sperm cellular membrane functionality and help improve surface protein stability during cryopreservation. What are the effects of MLR with nano-micelles made from a glycerophospholipid (GPL) mixture and cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC), on the cryosurvival and expression of acrosome-related proteins in thawed human spermatozoa?

Design: Twenty samples were used to determine the optimum level of nano-micelles by incubation of semen with different concentrations of GPL (0.1 and 1%) and CLC (1 and 2 mg/ml) (including GPL-0.

Gene Expression Alteration of Sperm-Associated Antigens in Human Cryopreserved Sperm.

Sperm-associated antigens (SPAGs) are 18 types of proteins, some of which play important roles in various biological functions associated with assisted reproductive technology outcomes, and are consequently important to the success of fertility programs. Despite the favorable outcomes of fecundity rates among male patients with cancer using cryopreserved sperm, the detrimental impact of freezing on cells has been noted in many studies. Cryopreservation has been thought to have adverse effects on sperm quality through disruptions in the expressions of genes.

Combined therapy of mesenchymal stem cells with a GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, on an inflammatory-mediated diabetic non-human primate model.

Aims: Immunomodulation concurrent with the promotion of β-cell function is a strategy used to develop innovative therapies for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we assessed the therapeutic potential of co-administration of human clonal mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (hBM-cMSCs) and liraglutide as a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist in a non-human primate model with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.

Main Methods: Diabetes was induced through intravenous (i.

Optimizing The Cell Seeding Protocol to Human Decellularized Ovarian Scaffold: Application of Dynamic System for Bio-Engineering.

Objective: Decellularized tissue scaffolds provide an extracellular matrix to control stem cells differentiation toward specific lineages. The application of mesenchymal stem cells for artificial ovary production may enhance functions of the ovary. On the other hand, the scaffold needs interaction and integration with cells.

Preconditioning of sperm with sublethal nitrosative stress: a novel approach to improve frozen-thawed sperm function.

Research Question: Can sublethal stress induced by nitric oxide on fresh human spermatozoa protect the functional properties of post-thaw human spermatozoa?

Design: Semen samples were obtained from 46 donors. Twenty semen samples were used to determine toxicity level of nitric oxide by incubation of semen with different concentrations of nitric oxide (0.01 to 400 μM).

Sperm cryopreservation: A review on current molecular cryobiology and advanced approaches.

The cryopreservation of spermatozoa was introduced in the 1960s as a route to fertility preservation. Despite the extensive progress that has been made in this field, the biological and biochemical mechanisms involved in cryopreservation have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Various factors during the freezing process, including sudden temperature changes, ice formation and osmotic stress, have been proposed as reasons for poor sperm quality post-thaw.

Induction of Sublethal Oxidative Stress on Human Sperm before Cryopreservation: A Time-Dependent Response in Post-Thawed Sperm Parameters.

Objective: A recent innovative approach, based on induction of sublethal oxidative stress to enhance sperm cryosurvival, has been applied before sperm cryopreservation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different induction times of sublethal oxidative stress before cryopreservation on human post-thawed sperm quality.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, we selected semen samples (n=20) from normozoospermic men according to 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.

Proteomic analysis and microtubule dynamicity of human sperm in electromagnetic cryopreservation.

The proteomic changes, microtubule dynamicity, and quality parameters of human sperm were investigated during cryopreservation in an extremely low electromagnetic field (ELEF) condition. Semen samples were obtained from 210 healthy individuals with normospermia and then were divided into three experimental groups: fresh control, frozen control, and frozen ELEF group. Shotgun proteomics was performed to assess the identification of microtubule proteins of the sperm in experimental groups.