A Cross-Sectional Survey Study of Student Pharmacists' Career Interests.

Career planning is important to student pharmacists and pharmacy schools due to slower job growth for pharmacists over the last decade. Understanding students' career interests can help colleges and schools of pharmacy develop targeted career planning, as well as meaningful curricular and co-curricular activities. This study aims to describe the career path interests of two doctor of pharmacy cohorts in each professional year (P1 through P4) during the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 academic years.

Proof-of-Concept Study of Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Self-Care and Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Patients on Insulin Pump Therapy.

Objective: Using supervised machine learning algorithms (SMLAs), we built models to predict the probability of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin pump therapy for meeting insulin pump self-management behavioral (IPSMB) criteria and achieving good glycemic response within 6 months.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective chart review of 100 adult type 1 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin pump therapy (≥6 months). Three SMLAs were deployed: multivariable logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbor (k-NN); validated using repeated three-fold cross-validation.

Assessing student pharmacists' confidence and knowledge of basic diabetes self-management skills.

Introduction: The significance of diabetes self-management and recent advances in diabetes medications call for healthcare professionals' preparedness in educating patients. This study assessed correlations between student pharmacists' confidence and knowledge of diabetes self-management skills.

Methods: An online questionnaire was administered to third-year student pharmacists at one United States college of pharmacy.

DPP-4 Inhibitors and Increased Reporting Odds of Bullous Pemphigoid: A Pharmacovigilance Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2006 to 2020.

Background: In recent years, an association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and bullous pemphigoid has been detected in pharmacovigilance studies in European and Asian countries; however, no pharmacovigilance data have been published yet in the USA.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between bullous pemphigoid and DPP-4 inhibitors and other oral diabetes mellitus medications in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods: Case/non-case analyses were performed in the FAERS using data from 2006 to 2020 to examine the reporting odds ratio (ROR) signal for bullous pemphigoid for all classes of oral diabetes medications.

Retracted: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Antagonists: A comprehensive review of safety, efficacy and prescribing information.

What Is Known And Objectives: Migraine is a disabling disorder that affects individuals of all ages. To date, there are multiple limitations to using guidelines-recommended treatments and preventive therapies. The goal of this review was to provide a comprehensive clinical review of the safety, efficacy and prescribing information of the emerging calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists.

A Survey of Arizona Pharmacists to Identify Opportunities to Enhance Pharmacists' Competitiveness in a Tightening Labor Market.

Background: The pharmacy profession has experienced dramatic shifts in scopes of practice, services offered, and employment opportunities over the last couple decades. At the same time, the number of students graduating from pharmacy school each year has steadily increased. The combined effect of these factors is a tightening labor market.

Assessment of Interprofessional Collaborative Practices and Outcomes in Adults With Diabetes and Hypertension in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Interprofessional collaborative practice (ICP), the collaboration of health workers from different professional backgrounds with patients, families, caregivers, and communities, is central to optimal primary care. However, limited evidence exists regarding its association with patient outcomes.

Objective: To examine the association of ICP with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels among adults receiving primary care.

Impact of Non-Tailored One-Way Automated Short Messaging Service (OASMS) on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Feasibility Study.

Short message service (SMS) is easily accessible and potentially an ideal platform for delivering patient-targeted messages. However, an effective SMS dosing strategy is not well established. Our purpose was to evaluate the impact of diabetes self-care promoting messages via non-tailored one-way automated SMS (OASMS) on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

VALIDATION AND COMPARISON OF TWO 30-DAY RE-ADMISSION PREDICTION MODELS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES.

The objective was to evaluate the 30-day re-admission predictive performance of the HOSPITAL score and Diabetes Early Re-admission Risk Indicator (DERRI) in hospitalized diabetes patients. This was a case-control study in an academic, tertiary center in the United States. Adult hospitalized diabetes patients were randomly identified between January 1, 2014, and September 30, 2017.

Cochlear implantation in incomplete partition type I.

Objectives: To share our experience in cochlear implanted patients with incomplete partition type I, to compare it with the literature results and to disclose difficulties facing cochlear implant teams dealing with these patients.

Materials And Methods: Clinical records of 1089 cochlear implant procedures in a cochlear implant center were reviewed and data of patients who had incomplete partition type I were enrolled in this study. Their auditory and speech performances were evaluated 3 years after the implantation.

A co-curricular diabetes-specific elective with interprofessional students and faculty.

Background And Purpose: Develop and assess the effectiveness of an interprofessional co-curricular elective in improving pharmacy students' confidence in providing diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) to patients.

Educational Activity And Setting: As part of an interprofessional collaboration, a student organized diabetes-specific enrichment elective, was offered originally to medical students and then extended to include pharmacy students. The interprofessional elective included an overview of diabetes and its prevention, medications, insulin therapy/administration, blood glucose monitoring, insulin pumps, nutrition and fitness.

Cutaneous Adverse Effects of Diabetes Mellitus Medications and Medical Devices: A Review.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the USA. If uncontrolled, diabetes can lead to devastating complications. Diabetes medications and medical devices largely contribute to the significant financial expense that the disease inflicts on affected individuals and society.

The impact of pharmacists providing direct patient care as members of interprofessional teams on diabetes management.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist providing direct patient care as a member of interprofessional team on diabetes management. This study is a retrospective chart review of diabetes patients seen by a pharmacist in an endocrinology clinic affiliated with an academic medical center. The following patient outcomes were recorded pre and post the pharmacist intervention: glycemic control as measured by change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), statin use, and use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).

Impact of supplemental training programs on improving medical students' confidence in providing diabetes self-management education and support.

Background/purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of supplemental diabetes-related training modalities and volunteer activities in increasing first-year medical students' knowledge/comfort in providing diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) to patients.

Methods: A group of medical students developed supplemental diabetes-related training/volunteer programs. The training modalities included an optional 7-session interprofessionally taught Diabetes Enrichment Elective and a 3-hour endocrinologist-led training session intended to prepare students for involvement in an inpatient DSMES volunteer program.

Evaluation and Treatment of Acute and Subacute Hearing Loss: A Review of Pharmacotherapy.

Among various forms of hearing loss, there are acute (within 72 hrs) or subacute (weeks to months) presentations that may be reversible with early pharmacological intervention. The workup of a patient presenting with hypoacusia includes the usual history and physical examination in conjunction with an audiometric assessment in order to categorize the hearing loss as conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss and autoimmune inner ear disease are acute and subacute forms of sensorineural hypoacusia most likely to be reversed with prompt pharmacological intervention.

Impact of Diabetes Care by Pharmacists as Part of Health Care Team in Ambulatory Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analyses examining the impact of pharmacist interventions as part of health care teams on diabetes therapeutic outcomes in ambulatory care settings.

Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Web of Science, Scopus, WHO's Global Health Library, ClinicalTrials.gov , and Google Scholar were searched (1995 to February 2017).

A student-implemented elective to improve medical student confidence in providing diabetes self-management support.

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a preclerkship elective and assess its effectiveness in supplementing medical students' education.

Methods: A group of medical students under the guidance of two faculty advisors developed an elective consisting of six sessions covering a variety of practical aspects of diabetes care/education taught by an interprofessional team. Following the course completion, a survey was emailed to the enrollees who attended at least one session.

Pathway Graphical Lasso.

Graphical models provide a rich framework for summarizing the dependencies among variables. The approach attempts to learn the structure of a Gaussian graphical model (GGM) by maximizing the log likelihood of the data, subject to an penalty on the elements of the inverse co-variance matrix. Most algorithms for solving the graphical lasso problem do not scale to a very large number of variables.

Learning Graphical Models With Hubs.

We consider the problem of learning a high-dimensional graphical model in which there are a few nodes that are to many other nodes. Many authors have studied the use of an penalty in order to learn a sparse graph in the high-dimensional setting. However, the penalty implicitly assumes that each edge is equally likely and independent of all other edges.

Node-Based Learning of Multiple Gaussian Graphical Models.

We consider the problem of estimating high-dimensional Gaussian graphical models corresponding to a single set of variables under several distinct conditions. This problem is motivated by the task of recovering transcriptional regulatory networks on the basis of gene expression data containing heterogeneous samples, such as different disease states, multiple species, or different developmental stages. We assume that most aspects of the conditional dependence networks are shared, but that there are some structured differences between them.

Structured Learning of Gaussian Graphical Models.

We consider estimation of multiple high-dimensional Gaussian graphical models corresponding to a single set of nodes under several distinct conditions. We assume that most aspects of the networks are shared, but that there are some structured differences between them. Specifically, the network differences are generated from : a few nodes are perturbed across networks, and most or all edges stemming from such nodes differ between networks.