Advances in pharmacotherapy for heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: what's new in 2024?

Introduction: Updated guidelines for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and acute decompensation have improved outcomes, but ongoing efforts are focused on uncovering new evidence and developing novel therapies. This review examines the limitations of current treatments and the potential impact of emerging therapies.

Areas Covered: A literature search focused on studies investigating drugs for HFrEF.

Myocardial protection in cardiac surgery: how limited are the options? A comprehensive literature review.

For patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, myocardial protection is a key for successful recovery and improved outcomes following cardiac surgery that requires cardiac arrest. Different solutions, components and modes of delivery have evolved over the last few decades to optimise myocardial protection. These include cold and warm and blood and crystalloid solution through antegrade, retrograde or combined cardioplegia delivery approach.

Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Review.

In early December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in Wuhan, China. As of May 10th, 2020, a total of over 4 million COVID-19 cases and 280,000 deaths have been reported globally, reflecting the raised infectivity and severity of this virus. Amongst hospitalised COVID-19 patients, there is a high prevalence of established cardiovascular disease (CVD).