Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of a Novel Host-Modulatory Therapy for Reducing Gingival Inflammation.

Background: Periodontal disease is among the sixth most common inflammatory diseases worldwide with high risk to promote complications from other inflammatory diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's Disease. Failure of active resolution of inflammation pathways is implicated in pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, including gingivitis. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a member of the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that drive resolution of inflammation GPC-receptor mediated pathways, offered therapeutic advantages in preclinical models of periodontitis.

Use of amnion-derived cellular cytokine solution for the treatment of gingivitis: A 2-week safety, dose-ranging, proof-of-principle randomized trial.

Background: A 6-week Phase I clinical trial was performed to primarily evaluate the safety and secondarily determine the preliminary efficacy of a novel biological solution, ST266, comprised of a mixture of cytokines, growth factors, nucleic acids, and lipids secreted by cultured amnion-derived multipotent progenitor cells on gingival inflammation.

Methods: Fifty-four adults with gingivitis/periodontitis were randomly assigned to 1X ST266 or diluted 0.3X ST266 or saline topically applied on facial/lingual gingiva (20 µL/tooth).

Patterns of periodontal disease progression based on linear mixed models of clinical attachment loss.

Aim: The goal of the present longitudinal cohort study was to examine patterns of periodontal disease progression at progressing sites and subjects defined based on linear mixed models (LMM) of clinical attachment loss (CAL).

Materials And Methods: A total of 113 periodontally healthy and 302 periodontitis subjects had their CAL calculated bimonthly for 12 months. LMMs were fitted for each site and the predicted CAL levels used to categorize their progression state.

The salivary microbiome is altered in the presence of a high salivary glucose concentration.

Background: Type II diabetes (T2D) has been associated with changes in oral bacterial diversity and frequency. It is not known whether these changes are part of the etiology of T2D, or one of its effects.

Methods: We measured the glucose concentration, bacterial counts, and relative frequencies of 42 bacterial species in whole saliva samples from 8,173 Kuwaiti adolescents (mean age 10.

Unhealthy Phenotype as Indicated by Salivary Biomarkers: Glucose, Insulin, VEGF-A, and IL-12p70 in Obese Kuwaiti Adolescents.

Objective: Here, we investigated the relationships between obesity and the salivary concentrations of insulin, glucose, and 20 metabolic biomarkers in Kuwaiti adolescents. Previously, we have shown that certain salivary metabolic markers can act as surrogates for blood concentrations.

Methods: Salivary samples of whole saliva were collected from 8,317 adolescents.

Modelling changes in clinical attachment loss to classify periodontal disease progression.

Aim: The goal of this study was to identify progressing periodontal sites by applying linear mixed models (LMM) to longitudinal measurements of clinical attachment loss (CAL).

Methods: Ninety-three periodontally healthy and 236 periodontitis subjects had their CAL measured bi-monthly for 12 months. The proportions of sites demonstrating increases in CAL from baseline above specified thresholds were calculated for each visit.

Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Scores for Children Using Salivary Biomarkers.

Background: Binary definitions of the metabolic syndrome based on the presence of a particular number of individual risk factors are limited, particularly in the pediatric population. To address this limitation, we aimed at constructing composite and continuous metabolic syndrome scores (cmetS) to represent an overall measure of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a large cohort of metabolically at-risk children, focusing on the use of the usual clinical parameters (waist circumference (WC) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), supplemented with two salivary surrogate variables (glucose and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). Two different approaches used to create the scores were evaluated in comparison.

Metabolic disease risk in children by salivary biomarker analysis.

Objective: The study of obesity-related metabolic syndrome or Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children is particularly difficult because of fear of needles. We tested a non-invasive approach to study inflammatory parameters in an at-risk population of children to provide proof-of-principle for future investigations of vulnerable subjects.

Design And Methods: We evaluated metabolic differences in 744, 11-year old children selected from underweight, normal healthy weight, overweight and obese categories by analyzing fasting saliva samples for 20 biomarkers.

Obesity and dental decay: inference on the role of dietary sugar.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of children's obesity and dental decay.

Methods: We measured parameters related to obesity and dental decay in 8,275 4(th) and 5(th) grade Kuwaiti children (average age = 11.36 years) in a cross-sectional study.

Clinical evaluations of plaque removal efficacy: an advanced rotating-oscillating power toothbrush versus a sonic toothbrush.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and plaque removal efficacy of an advanced rotating-oscillating power toothbrush relative to a sonic toothbrush with either a standard or compact brush head.

Methodology: Two studies used a randomized, examiner-blind, two-treatment, crossover design. In Study 1, subjects were instructed to use their first randomly assigned toothbrush for five to seven days and then, after abstaining from all oral hygiene for 24 hours, were assessed with the Rustogi, et al.

Plaque removal efficacy of a novel manual toothbrush with MicroPulse bristles and an advanced split-head design.

Objective: To assess the plaque removing efficacy and safety of a novel manual toothbrush (Oral-B Pulsar-PUL) compared to leading manual and battery toothbrushes.

Methodology: Three clinical studies were conducted, each having a randomized, examiner-blind, crossover design. Study 1 compared PUL to a newly marketed manual toothbrush, Colgate 360 degrees (COL), Study 2 compared PUL to the Oral-B Advantage Plus (AP) and Oral-B CrossAction (CA) manual toothbrushes, and Study 3 compared PUL to two battery toothbrushes, Oral-B CrossAction Power (CAP) and Crest SpinBrush Pro (SBP).

A novel oscillating-rotating power toothbrush with SmartGuide: designed for enhanced performance and compliance.

Aim: The aim of this article is to provide a review of common power toothbrush technologies with a focus on the oscillating-rotating motion used in a novel toothbrush; describe features to drive compliance such as the "SmartGuide" innovation; and finally recommend steps to motivate patients to adopt a power toothbrush as part of their home care regimen.

Background: Contemporary power toothbrushes are available with various modes of actions, bristle designs, and features. Clinical research shows these factors can impact the effectiveness of a toothbrush by altering its ability to remove plaque, particularly in areas that are difficult to access.

Correlations between two plaque indices in assessment of toothbrush effectiveness.

Background: The Rustogi et al. Modified Navy (RMNPI) and Turesky et al Modification of the Quigley Hein (TQHPI) plaque indices are commonly used to measure plaque removal. This study evaluated the possible correlations of both indices using data relative to a single use assessment of plaque removal using commercially available toothbrushes.

The Oral-B CrossAction manual toothbrush: a 5-year literature review.

Unlabelled: The design of the modern conventional manual toothbrush can be attributed to Dr. Robert Hutson, a Californian periodontist, who in the early 1950s developed the multitufted, flattrimmed, end-rounded nylon filament brush that became known as the Oral-B manual toothbrush. The trademark Oral-B emphasized that this was an oral brush, designed to clean all parts of the oral cavity, not merely a toothbrush.

Plaque removal efficacy of a novel tooth wipe.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the safety and plaque removal efficacy of a tooth wipe (Oral-B Brush-Ups) using a manual toothbrush as a control.

Methodology: Twenty-five healthy subjects from a general population were enrolled in this randomized, single-use, crossover study. After 23-25 hours of no oral hygiene, oral hard and soft tissues were examined, and disclosed plaque was scored using the Turesky, et al.

A 30-day clinical comparison of a novel interdental cleaning device and dental floss in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis.

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of a novel battery-operated interdental cleaning device (Oral-B Hummingbird) [ID], fitted with either a flossette or pick attachment, versus hand-held dental floss in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis when combined with manual tooth brushing over a 30-day period.

Methodology: This randomized, examiner blind, parallel group study assessed three treatment groups: ID/flossette (ID/F), ID/pick (ID/P), and unwaxed manual dental floss. All groups used the same soft manual toothbrush and toothpaste.

Plaque removal efficacy and safety of the next generation of manual toothbrush with angled bristle technology: results from three comparative clinical studies.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of a novel angled-bristled toothbrush in comparison with three established brushes.

Methods: The Oral-B CrossAction Vitalizer toothbrush was compared with two manual toothbrushes, the Oral-B CrossAction and Oral-B Advantage, and the battery-operated Crest SpinBrush Pro brush in three independent single-use, examiner-blind, crossover studies. In each study, over 50 healthy subjects from a normal population brushed with their randomly assigned toothbrush for 1 minute without instruction.

A practice based study of a children's power toothbrush: efficacy and acceptance.

Power toothbrushes can offer significant advantages over a manual toothbrush both with respect to plaque removal and compliance. Most studies have, however, been carried out with adult toothbrushes in adult populations. Less is known about the efficacy of children's power toothbrushes, although it is likely that similar advantages will be demonstrated.

A practice based evaluation of a range of children's manual toothbrushes: safety and acceptance.

Toothbrushes for children have not suited all age groups. The development of a series of children's toothbrushes (Oral-B Stages toothbrushes) targeted at four age-defined groups and designed to meet their needs offers the potential to enhance oral hygiene. To obtain information regarding the specific likes and dislikes of these four children's toothbrushes, a randomized, practice based study involving children between the ages of 4 months and 11 years was conducted.

An investigation into the effect of three months' clinical wear on toothbrush efficacy: results from two independent studies.

Objective: Limited evidence has suggested that a worn toothbrush may be significantly less effective than a new brush with respect to plaque removal. Two independent studies, one with a manual toothbrush and one with a powered toothbrush, were undertaken to compared the ability of these toothbrushes as new and after three months' use to remove plaque.

Methodology: Subjects from a general population were given either an Oral-B CrossAction manual toothbrush (Study 1) or a Braun Oral-B Battery (D4) toothbrush (Study 2).

A clinical study of plaque removal with an advanced rechargeable power toothbrush and a battery-operated device.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of two recently introduced modern power toothbrushes with different characteristics.

Materials And Methods: This was a single-blind, randomized, crossover study which compared the ability of two power toothbrushes to remove plaque during a 2-minute brushing period. The two brushes were the Braun Oral-B 3D Excel (D17), a rechargeable toothbrush with an oscillating/rotating/pulsating action and the Colgate Actibrush, a battery-operated device with an oscillating/rotating action.

Six-month comparison of powered versus manual toothbrushing for safety and efficacy in the absence of professional instruction in mechanical plaque control.

Background: Reports suggest powered toothbrushing may provide some clinical benefit over manual tooth-brushing, but most studies have been of short duration with subjects trained in toothbrush use. The aim was to determine if the oscillating-rotating powered brush (PB) could safely provide clinical benefits over and above a manual brush (M) in subjects with no formal instruction or experience in powered brush use.

Methods: This 6-month, single-masked, parallel design, randomized clinical trial compared the PB with an American Dental Association (ADA)-accepted soft-bristle manual brush in a non-flossing gingivitis population (n = 157).