Effect of ketamine on anxiety: findings from the Ketamine for Adult Depression Study.

Background: Anxiety disorders and treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) are often comorbid. Studies suggest ketamine has anxiolytic and antidepressant properties.

Aims: To investigate if subcutaneous racemic ketamine, delivered twice weekly for 4 weeks, reduces anxiety in people with TRD.

Increasing parent help-seeking for child mental health: A study protocol for the growing minds check-in, an online universal screening tool.

Background: Early identification and intervention for mental health (MH) problems in childhood offers lifelong benefits. Many children with MH problems do not receive appropriate help. To address this need, an online universal MH screening tool, the Growing Minds Check-In for parents/caregivers (GMCI-P), was developed to provide feedback to parents on their children's MH, identify children at risk of MH problems, and link parents to evidence-based online programs/information, with the goal of facilitating parent help-seeking, and ultimately reducing the prevalence of child MH problems.

The cost of treating hypertension in Australia, 2012-22: an economic analysis.

Objective: To quantify the costs of hypertension diagnosis and treatment in Australia, particularly in primary care, including general practices and pharmacies.

Study Design: Economic analysis; analysis of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) data.

Setting: Australia, 2012-22.

Hypoglycaemia Prevention, Awareness of Symptoms, and Treatment (HypoPAST): protocol for a 24-week hybrid type 1 randomised controlled trial of a fully online psycho-educational programme for adults with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires the use of insulin, which can cause hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose levels). While most hypoglycaemic episodes can be self-treated, all episodes can be sudden, inconvenient, challenging to prevent or manage, unpleasant and/or cause unwanted attention or embarrassment. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes, requiring assistance from others for recovery, are rare but potentially dangerous.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a multi-component lifestyle therapy program versus psychological therapy for managing mood disorders (HARMON-E): protocol of a randomised non-inferiority trial.

Background: Mood disorders, including unipolar and bipolar depression, contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. Psychological therapy is considered a gold standard non-pharmacological treatment for managing these conditions; however, a growing body of evidence also supports the use of lifestyle therapies for these conditions. Despite some clinical guidelines endorsing the application of lifestyle therapies as a first-line treatment for individuals with mood disorders, there is limited evidence that this recommendation has been widely adopted into routine practice.

A Brief Workplace Training Program to Support Help-Seeking for Mental Ill-Health: Protocol for the Helipad Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Most people with mental health problems do not seek help, with delays of even decades in seeking professional help. Lack of engagement with professional mental health services can lead to poor outcomes and functional impairment. However, few effective interventions have been identified to improve help-seeking in adults, and those that exist are not widely implemented to deliver public health impact.

Web-based intervention for young adults experiencing anxiety and hazardous alcohol use: Study protocol for an 18-month randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Alcohol use and anxiety often co-occur, causing increased severity impairment. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that aims to test the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a web-based, self-guided alcohol and anxiety-focused program, compared with a web-based brief alcohol-focused program, for young adults who drink at hazardous levels and experience anxiety. It will also test moderators and mechanisms of change underlying the intervention effects.

Effectiveness of a universal, school-based, online programme for the prevention of anxiety, depression, and substance misuse among adolescents in Australia: 72-month outcomes from a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: The CSC study found that the universal delivery of a school-based, online programme for the prevention of mental health and substance use disorders among adolescents resulted in improvements in mental health and substance use outcomes at 30-month follow-up. We aimed to compare the long-term effects of four interventions-Climate Schools Combined (CSC) mental health and substance use, Climate Schools Substance Use (CSSU) alone, Climate Schools Mental Health (CSMH) alone, and standard health education-on mental health and substance use outcomes among adolescents at 72-month follow-up into early adulthood.

Methods: This long-term study followed up adolescents from a multicentre, cluster-randomised trial conducted across three states in Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, and Western Australia) enrolled between Sept 1, 2013, and Feb 28, 2014, for up to 72 months after baseline assessment.

Cost-utility analysis of adjunct repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment resistant bipolar depression.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as an adjunct to standard care from an Australian health sector perspective, compared to standard care alone for adults with treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBD).

Methods: An economic model was developed to estimate the cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained for rTMS added to standard care compared to standard care alone, for adults with TRBD. The model simulated the time in three health states (mania, depression, residual) over one year.

Age at first drink and its influence on alcohol use behaviours in young adulthood: Evidence from an Australian household-based panel study.

Background: Public health guidelines recommend delaying the initiation age for alcohol. However, the causal link between age-at-first-drink (AFD) and future alcohol use in young adulthood is uncertain. This study examined the association between AFD and alcohol-related outcomes at age 20 years using an Australian sample.

Health service and medication costs associated with common mental disorders and subthreshold symptoms in women: Findings from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study in Australia.

Objective: This analysis estimated 2013 annual healthcare costs associated with the common mental disorders of mood and anxiety disorders and psychological symptoms within a representative sample of Australian women.

Methods: Data from the 15-year follow-up of women in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study were linked to 12-month Medicare Benefits Schedule and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data. A Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Non-patient edition identified common mental disorders and the General Health Questionnaire 12 assessed psychological symptoms.

Economic evidence for prevention and treatment of eating disorders: An updated systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review updates an existing review examining the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent and treat eating disorders (EDs).

Method: Literature search was conducted in Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EconLit, Global Health, ERIC, Health Business Elite, and Health Policy Reference Center electronic databases, capturing studies published between March 2017 to April 2023. Hand-searching was conducted as supplementary including gray literature search.

Efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of repeated subcutaneous ketamine injections for treatment-resistant depression (KADS study): randomised double-blind active-controlled trial.

Background: Prior trials suggest that intravenous racemic ketamine is a highly effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but phase 3 trials of racemic ketamine are needed.

Aims: To assess the acute efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of subcutaneous racemic ketamine in participants with TRD. Trial registration: ACTRN12616001096448 at www.

Randomised controlled trial of neurostimulation for symptoms of anorexia nervosa (TRENA study): study protocol.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) has amongst the highest mortality rates and the highest treatment costs of any psychiatric disorder. Recently, interest in non-invasive brain stimulation as a novel treatment for AN has grown. These include repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).

Health Service Utilisation of People Living with Psychosis: Validity of Self-report Compared with Administrative Data in a Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Self-reported service use informs resource utilisation and cost estimates, though its validity for use within economic evaluations is uncertain.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess agreement in health resource-use measurement between self-reported and administrative data across different resource categories, over time and between different recall periods by subgroups among Australians living with psychosis.

Methods: Data were obtained for 104 participants with psychotic disorders from a randomised controlled trial.

Ensuring the affordable becomes accessible-lessons from ketamine, a new treatment for severe depression.

In this paper, the case study of ketamine as a new treatment for severe depression is used to outline the challenges of repurposing established medicines and we suggest potential solutions. The antidepressant effects of generic racemic ketamine were identified over 20 years ago, but there were insufficient incentives for commercial entities to pursue its registration, or support for non-commercial entities to fill this gap. As a result, the evaluation of generic ketamine was delayed, piecemeal, uncoordinated, and insufficient to gain approval.

Economic evaluations of alcohol pharmacotherapy: Systematic review of economic evaluations of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.

Objective: Alcohol use disorders confer a significant burden of disease and economic cost worldwide. However, the utilisation of pharmacotherapies to manage alcohol use disorder is poor. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of economic evaluation studies of alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapies.