Facial esthetic outcome of functional followed by fixed orthodontic treatment of class II division 1 patients.

Objectives: To assess the perceived facial changes in class II division 1, convex profile patients treated with functional followed by fixed orthodontic appliances.

Subjects And Methods: The study sample consisted of 36 pairs of pre- and post-treatment photographs (frontal and profile, at rest) of 12 patients treated with activator, 12 with twin-block, and 12 controls with normal profiles, treated without functional appliances. All photographs were presented in pairs to 10 orthodontists, 10 patients, 10 parents, and 10 laypersons.