User-Centric Approach to Specifying Technical Attributes of Drug Delivery Devices: Empirical Study of Autoinjector-Cap Removal Forces.

Purpose: The subcutaneous delivery of biologics using pre-filled autoinjector devices continues to attract broad scholarly interests. However, research still lacks a detailed understanding of user perceptions as the basis for specifying the clinically relevant technical attributes of a device, such as the cap-removal force. Therefore, this article studies the ability of users to remove the autoinjector cap, as well as the effects of the cap-removal force and user characteristics on the perceived ease of decapping.

Hold the device against the skin: the impact of injection duration on user's force for handheld autoinjectors.

: The recent development of high-volume subcutaneous drug delivery using handheld autoinjectors has resulted in longer injection durations. However, the usability of long injections has been neglected. This study aimed to investigate the effects of injection duration on users' ability to apply injections while holding the device against the skin at the injection site.

Correction to: Comparative Human Factors Evaluation of Two Nasal Naloxone Administration Devices: NARCAN Nasal Spray and Naloxone Prefilled Syringe with Nasal Atomizer.

Under section "Introduction", the first sentence in the 4th paragraph was incorrectly published. The correct sentence is given below.

Comparative Human Factors Evaluation of Two Nasal Naloxone Administration Devices: NARCAN Nasal Spray and Naloxone Prefilled Syringe with Nasal Atomizer.

Introduction: Opioid overdose rescue situations are time-critical, high-stress scenarios that frequently require nonmedical first responders or bystanders to intervene and administer naloxone to avoid opioid-induced fatalities. Training nonmedical personnel to respond during such mentally constraining situations presents the human factors challenge of how best to design a safe and effective lay delivery system. This paper comparatively evaluates the ease of use of two nasal naloxone administration products: NARCAN Nasal Spray and a naloxone prefilled syringe with nasal atomizer (PFS-NA).

Can Haptic Simulators Distinguish Expert Performance? A Case Study in Central Venous Catheterization in Surgical Education.

Introduction: High-tech simulators are gaining popularity in surgical training programs because of their potential for improving clinical outcomes. However, most simulators are static in nature and only represent a single anatomical patient configuration. The Dynamic Haptic Robotic Training (DHRT) system was developed to simulate these diverse patient anatomies during Central Venous Catheterization (CVC) training.

Evaluating Surgical Resident Needle Insertion Skill Gains in Central Venous Catheterization Training.

Background: Training for ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization (CVC) is typically conducted on static manikin simulators with real-time feedback from a skilled observer. Dynamic haptic robotic trainers (DHRTs) are an alternative method that simulates various patient anatomies and provides consistent feedback for each insertion. This study evaluates CVC needle insertion efficiency and skill gains of both methods.

Building Ultrasound Phantoms With Modified Polyvinyl Chloride: A Comparison of Needle Insertion Forces and Sonographic Appearance With Commercial and Traditional Simulation Materials.

Introduction: Training using ultrasound phantoms allows for safe introduction to clinical skills and is associated with improved in-hospital performance. Many materials have been used to simulate human tissue in phantoms including commercial manikins, agar, gelatin, and Ballistics Gel; however, phantom tissues could be improved to provide higher-fidelity ultrasound images or tactile sensation. This article describes a novel phantom tissue mixture of a modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer, mineral oil, and chalk powder and evaluates needle cutting and ultrasonic properties of the modified PVC polymer mixture compared with a variety of phantom tissues.

Investigating the Effect of Simulator Functional Fidelity and Personalized Feedback on Central Venous Catheterization Training.

Objective: To compare the effect of simulator functional fidelity (manikin vs a Dynamic Haptic Robotic Trainer [DHRT]) and personalized feedback on surgical resident self-efficacy and self-ratings of performance during ultrasound-guided internal jugular central venous catheterization (IJ CVC) training. In addition, we seek to explore how self-ratings of performance compare to objective performance scores generated by the DHRT system.

Design: Participants were randomly assigned to either manikin or DHRT IJ CVC training over a 6-month period.

Integrating Cadaver Needle Forces Into a Haptic Robotic Simulator.

Accurate force simulation is essential to haptic simulators for surgical training. Factors such as tissue inhomogeneity pose unique challenges for simulating needle forces. To aid in the development of haptic needle insertion simulators, a handheld force sensing syringe was created to measure the motion and forces of needle insertions.

Personalized Learning in Medical Education: Designing a User Interface for a Dynamic Haptic Robotic Trainer for Central Venous Catheterization.

While Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a viable method for training new medical residents, it has not yet reached all areas of training. One area lacking such development is surgical residency programs where there are large learning curves associated with skill development. In order to address this gap, a Dynamic Haptic Robotic Trainer (DHRT) was developed to help train surgical residents in the placement of ultrasound guided Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheters and to incorporate personalized learning.

Training Surgical Residents With a Haptic Robotic Central Venous Catheterization Simulator.

Ojective: Ultrasound guided central venous catheterization (CVC) is a common surgical procedure with complication rates ranging from 5 to 21 percent. Training is typically performed using manikins that do not simulate anatomical variations such as obesity and abnormal vessel positioning. The goal of this study was to develop and validate the effectiveness of a new virtual reality and force haptic based simulation platform for CVC of the right internal jugular vein.

IMPROVING MEDICAL EDUCATION: SIMULATING CHANGES IN PATIENT ANATOMY USING DYNAMIC HAPTIC FEEDBACK.

Virtual simulation is an emerging field in medical education. Research suggests that simulation reduces complication rates and improves learning gains for medical residents. One benefit of simulators is their allowance for more realistic and dynamic patient anatomies.