Publications by authors named "Mary W Redman"

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to assess if adding the PARP inhibitor talazoparib to the immune checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab could enhance outcomes for patients with SLFN11-positive extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) after initial treatment.
  • A total of 106 patients were randomized into two groups, showing that the combination therapy (talazoparib plus atezolizumab) led to improved progression-free survival compared to atezolizumab alone, though overall survival rates remained similar between the two groups.
  • While the combination therapy improved progression-free survival, it also resulted in higher rates of severe hematological side effects, such as grade 3 anemia, highlighting the need for careful patient selection based on genetic markers
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Purpose: Targeted therapy development in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has been burdened by the heterogeneity of this group of rare tumors. B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3) is a molecule in the same family as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). It has limited expression in noncancerous tissues and is overexpressed in many cancers, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy, and clinical trials targeting B7-H3 are actively underway.

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Introduction: Squamous cell cancer (SqCC) is a lung cancer subtype with few targeted therapy options. Molecular characterization, that is, by next-generation sequencing (NGS), is needed to identify potential targets. Lung Cancer Master Protocol Southwest Oncology Group S1400 enrolled patients with previously treated stage IV or recurrent SqCC to assess NGS biomarkers for therapeutic sub-studies.

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Clinical trials are essential for advancing oncology treatment strategies and have contributed significantly to the decline in cancer mortality rates over the past decades. Traditional explanatory trials, focused on establishing intervention efficacy in ideal settings, often lack generalizability and may not reflect real-world patient care scenarios. Furthermore, increasing complexity in cancer clinical trial design has led to challenges such as protocol deviations, slow enrollment leading to lengthened durations of trial, and escalating costs.

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For cancer clinical trials that require central confirmation of tumor genomic profiling, exhaustion of tissue from standard-of-care testing may prevent enrollment. For Lung-MAP, a master protocol that requires results from a defined centralized clinical trial assay to assign patients to a therapeutic substudy, we developed a process to repurpose existing commercial vendor raw genomic data for eligibility: genomic data reanalysis (GDR). Molecular results for substudy assignment were successfully generated for 369 of the first 374 patients (98.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Multi-omics analyses of blood and tissue samples from a clinical trial revealed that higher immune scores correlate with better responses to ICIs, while certain immune cells, like regulatory T cells, negatively impact survival.
  • * Variations in immune cell density and proximity to tumor cells influence survival outcomes, and soluble proteins found in the blood could serve as indicators for treatment effectiveness and overall survival in SqNSCLC patients.
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Article Synopsis
  • Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly deadly cancer, with standard treatment leading to a median survival of only 24 months; this study aimed to explore a multiagent perioperative therapy to enhance survival rates.
  • In a phase 2 trial, patients received a combination of chemotherapy and radiation before and after surgery; results showed a median overall survival of 31.6 months, increasing to 58.1 months for those who completed the surgery.
  • The study suggests that the examined perioperative therapy could offer a promising new treatment strategy for patients with potentially resectable PDA, potentially improving outcomes significantly.
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Background: Decreased mammography drives breast cancer disparities. Black women have lower rates of mammography completion than White women, and this contributes to disparities in outcomes. Points of disparity along the continuum for screening mammography remain underresearched.

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Purpose: Lung Cancer Master Protocol (Lung-MAP), a public-private partnership, established infrastructure for conducting a biomarker-driven master protocol in molecularly targeted therapies. We compared characteristics of patients enrolled in Lung-MAP with those of patients in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) trials to examine if master protocols improve trial access.

Methods: We examined patients enrolled in Lung-MAP (2014-2020) according to sociodemographic characteristics.

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Purpose: Differences in bladder cancer outcomes have been demonstrated by sex and race/ethnicity, with studies showing a higher burden of adverse outcomes among women and racially minoritized populations. Despite these epidemiologic differences, populations with disproportionally adverse outcomes are often underrepresented in genomic cohorts. This exclusion impacts the accuracy and generalizability of genomic studies in bladder cancer and has the potential to widen disparities by sex and/or race/ethnicity.

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Background: Individuals with adenomatous colorectal polyps undergo repeated colonoscopy surveillance to identify and remove metachronous adenomas. However, many patients with adenomas do not develop recurrent adenomas. Better methods to evaluate who benefits from increased surveillance are needed.

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Purpose: Efficacy of MEK inhibitors in KRAS+ NSCLC may differ based on specific KRAS mutations and comutations. Our hypothesis was that docetaxel and trametinib would improve activity in KRAS+ NSCLC and specifically in KRAS G12C NSCLC.

Patients And Methods: S1507 is a single-arm phase II study assessing the response rate (RR) with docetaxel plus trametinib in recurrent KRAS+ NSCLC and secondarily in the G12C subset.

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Article Synopsis
  • Clinical trials for new treatments often produce complex adverse event (AE) data which traditional tabular methods struggle to effectively convey; thus, new visualization techniques are required for better understanding of treatment toxicity.* -
  • The authors created dynamic visualizations, like circular and butterfly plots, to categorize and compare AEs by severity and treatment, applied in a clinical trial involving lung cancer patients comparing nivolumab alone versus with ipilimumab.* -
  • Results indicated that the combined treatment led to significantly higher rates of severe AEs across several body systems, demonstrating that innovative graphical methods can yield clearer insights into treatment-related toxicities than standard reporting formats.*
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Background: An important issue for patients with cancer treated with novel therapeutics is how they weigh the effects of treatment on survival and quality of life (QOL). We compared QOL in patients enrolled to SWOG S1400I, a substudy of the LungMAP biomarker-driven master protocol.

Methods: SWOG S1400I was a randomized phase III trial comparing nivolumab plus ipilimumab vs nivolumab for treatment of immunotherapy-naïve disease in advanced squamous cell lung cancer.

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Objective: Improved understanding of the effect of HIV infection on Kaposi sarcoma (KS) presentation and outcomes will guide development of more effective KS staging and therapeutic approaches. We enrolled a prospective cohort of epidemic (HIV-positive; HIV + KS) and endemic (HIV-negative; HIV - KS) KS patients in Uganda to identify factors associated with survival and response.

Methods: Adults with newly diagnosed KS presenting for care at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) in Kampala, Uganda, between October 2012 and December 2019 were evaluated.

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Purpose: Dynamic changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are under investigation as an early indicator of treatment outcome.

Experimental Design: Serial plasma ctDNA (baseline, 8 weeks, and at progression) was prospectively incorporated into the SWOG S1403 clinical trial of afatinib ± cetuximab in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naïve, EGFR mutation tissue-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

Results: EGFR mutations were detected in baseline ctDNA in 77% (82/106) of patients, associated with the presence of brain and/or liver metastases and M1B stage.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to address the challenge of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by testing a combination treatment of ramucirumab and pembrolizumab (RP) against standard care options.
  • With 136 eligible patients, the results showed that those on the RP treatment had a significantly longer overall survival (OS) of 14.5 months compared to 11.6 months for standard care (SOC).
  • While the RP group had slightly fewer severe adverse events (42% vs. 60% for SOC), both treatment arms had similar rates of progression-free survival and objective response rates, indicating a potential for RP in overcoming previous treatment resistance.
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Background: The phase III S0819 trial investigated addition of cetuximab to first-line chemotherapy (CT) in NSCLC. Subgroup analyses suggested an OS benefit among patients with EGFR copy number gain in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), (HR = 0.58 [0.

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Article Synopsis
  • S1400F is a study examining the effectiveness of the immunotherapy drugs durvalumab and tremelimumab for patients with advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) who show resistance to previous anti-PD-1 therapy.
  • The study included patients who had disease progression after anti-PD-1 treatment and assessed their response to the drug combination, with a primary focus on the objective response rate and analyzing two resistance groups.
  • Results showed that the combination therapy had limited success, with only a 7% response rate in the primary resistance group and no responses in the acquired resistance group, indicating minimal activity in this patient population.
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Purpose: Biomarker-driven master protocols represent a new paradigm in oncology clinical trials, but their complex designs and wide-ranging genomic results returned can be difficult to communicate to participants. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate patient knowledge and expectations related to return of genomic results in the Lung Cancer Master Protocol (Lung-MAP).

Methods: Eligible participants with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were recruited from patients enrolled in Lung-MAP.

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