The heterophoria of 3-5 year old children as a function of viewing distance and target type.

Purpose: Heterophoria is the misalignment of the eyes in monocular viewing and represents the accuracy of vergence driven by all classical cues except disparity. It is challenging to assess restless children using clinical cover tests, and phoria in early childhood is poorly understood. Here we used eye tracking to assess phoria as a function of viewing distance and target in adults and young children, with comparison to clinical cover tests.

Photoelectron imaging and photodissociation of ozonide in O3(-)⋅(O2)n (n = 1-4) clusters.

The photoelectron images of O3 (-) and O3 (-) ⋅ (O2)n (n = 1-4) have been measured using 3.49 eV photon energy. The spectra exhibit several processes, including direct photodetachment and photodissociation with photodetachment of O(-) photofragments.

Electronic structures of AlMoO(y)(-) (y = 1-4) determined by photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.

Vibrationally-resolved photoelectron spectra of AlMoO(y)(-) (y = 1-4) are presented and analyzed in conjunction with density functional theory computational results. The structures determined for the AlMoO(y) anion and neutral clusters suggest ionic bonding between Al(+) and a MoO(y)(-) or MoO(y)(-2) moiety, and point to the relative stability of Mo=O versus Al=O bonds. The highest occupied and partially occupied orbitals in the anions and neutrals can be described as Mo atomic-like orbitals, so while the Mo is in a higher oxidation state than Al, the most energetically accessible electrons are localized on the molybdenum center.