What Kigali's open-air markets reveal about achieving food and nutrition security: the role of African indigenous crops.

Background: Household dietary diversity in Rwanda remains low and significantly contributes to the double burden of malnutrition. Rwanda has one of the highest under five stunting rates globally, and malnutrition remains one of the most pressing public health issues; therefore, factors that shape food and nutrition security are of utmost concern. Globally, the variety of foods available in open-air markets has been shown to affect dietary diversity.

Healthy pregnancies and essential fats: focus group discussions with Zambian women on dietary need and acceptability of a novel RUSF containing fish oil DHA.

Background: Nut butter-based Ready to Use Supplemental Foods (RUSF) are an effective way to add nutrients and calories to diets of malnourished and food insecure populations. The RUSF formulations have been further modified to add micronutrients including iron and folic acid needed during pregnancy and lactation. Because docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3) enhances fetal development and birth outcomes, it has been suggested that perhaps RUSF formulations for pregnancy should also include this Omega 3 fatty acid.

"Are you eating healthy?" Nutrition discourse in Midwestern clinics for the underserved.

Objective: To investigate nutrition information provided and exchanged between patients and health providers in Midwestern clinics for underserved populations.

Methods: Forty-six clinic visits were observed to determine content and direction of nutrition information. In-depth data were collected with clinicians and clinic administrators regarding nutrition education provided to patients.

Relationships between the diet and dentition of Asian leaf monkeys.

Colobines have been generally described as primates that use the anterior teeth minimally, but the posterior teeth extensively, to process leaves and related food items. However, variation among leaf monkeys in both anterior and posterior dental morphology has been recognized for decades. In this study, we turn to Hylander's (Science 189 (1975) 1095-1098) analysis of anterior incisor row length and Kay's (Adaptations for foraging in nonhuman primates, 1984) examination of relative molar crest length to test hypotheses proposed by them for Asian colobines.

Oral hygiene knowledge and practice among Dinka and Nuer from Sudan to the U.S.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine knowledge and use of oral hygiene methods for refugees from Sudan now living in the U.S. prior to conducting elective implant surgery.

Dental restorations for dinka and nuer refugees: a confluence of culture and healing.

The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, and the Self-reporting Questionnaire-24 were used to evaluate distress among 22 Dinka and Nuer refugees to the US before and after complete restoration of four to six lower front teeth that had been extracted during childhood in Sudan. Participants reported significant improvement in levels of distress following full restoration of missing teeth, including symptoms of PTSD. These results illustrate the value of incorporating community perspectives into the selection of health treatment options for newly arriving populations.

Social perceptions of individuals missing upper front teeth.

Although it is assumed that there are negative social consequences for individuals missing visible front teeth, no study of the way in which edentulous individuals were perceived in a social context and the potential social repercussions could be located. This initial study concerned college students' perceptions of individuals missing visible upper front teeth. 200 volunteers, 19 to 50 years of age (M = 20.

From Sudan to nebraska: Dinka and Nuer refugee diet dilemmas.

Objective: Examination of current dietary patterns of Dinka and Nuer refugees from Sudan to the United States prior to dental restoration and nutrition training.

Design: Thirty-one participants were interviewed regarding current intake and knowledge of US food and nutrition principles. Twenty-nine completed three 24-hour food diaries.

A historical perspective on the University of Nebraska Medical Center's College of Dentistry Class of 1961.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) College of Dentistry (COD) Class of 1961 to glean information that might be useful in the design of dental education programs in Nebraska and elsewhere. We scanned annual class newsletters, demographic statistics for students entering the UNMC dental program for each decade from 1961 to 2001, and UNMC COD alumni data for patterns and themes among thirty-two dental professionals. Eighty-four percent of those contacted provided responses to a survey.

Health and related factors for Sudanese refugees in Nebraska.

Results of a health survey covering demographics, health risk/prevention factors, and barriers to health care among 263 refugees from Sudan, now living in Nebraska, are presented. Data are compared to Nebraska's general and minority populations. Sudanese refugees are generally young, highly mobile, uneducated, and live in poverty.

Anterior dental extractions among Dinka and Nuer refugees in the United States: a case series.

Few U.S. adults today experience life without permanent anterior teeth and know little about how an incomplete anterior dentition affects adult well-being.

Molar size and shape variations among Asian colobines.

Despite decades of research, little is known about morphometric differences within the dentition of Asian colobines. Although some differences, such as the M3 hypoconulid, are often cited as distinct among genera, no comprehensive assessment has been made. The objectives of this study were to document size and shape differences in third molars in eight Asian colobine genera, including Kasi, Nasalis, Presbytis, Pygathrix, Rhinopithecus, Semnopithecus, Simias, and Trachypithecus, and to quantify length differences for all molars in order to understand the potential impact of an occlusal surface area that includes the hypoconulid.