Pharmacists Colocated With Primary Care Physicians: Understanding Delivery of Interprofessional Primary Care.

Background: While evidence supports interprofessional primary care models that include pharmacists, the extent to which pharmacists are working in primary care and the factors associated with colocation is unknown.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the physical colocation of pharmacists with primary care providers (PCPs) and examine predictors associated with colocation.

Research Design: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of pharmacists and PCPs with individual National Provider Identifiers in the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System's database.

Measuring implementation of medication optimization services: Development and validation of an implementation outcomes questionnaire.

Background: Implementation outcomes serve as progress and success indicators of the implementation process. They are also key antecedents to achieving the more traditional clinical outcomes typically associated with a service. Despite their importance, there are few implementation outcomes measures with appropriate psychometric properties, none of which have yet been adapted for medication optimization services.

Assessing the Impact of Comprehensive Medication Management on Achievement of the Quadruple Aim.

Nonoptimized medication regimens cost patients and payors in the United States more than $528 billion in additional health care expenses each year. Comprehensive medication management is a patient-centered approach to medication optimization delivered by a clinical pharmacist working with the patient, physicians, and other members of the health care team. Comprehensive medication management ensures medications are assessed for appropriateness, effectiveness, and safety given the patient's clinical status, comorbidities, and other medications, as well as the patient's ability to take the medications as intended and adhere to the regimen.

Primary Care Providers Believe That Comprehensive Medication Management Improves Their Work-Life.

Purpose: In primary care, clinical pharmacists often deliver a service called comprehensive medication management (CMM). While research has identified that CMM positively influences most aspects of the Quadruple Aim, it is unclear how CMM-both the service and the role of the pharmacist-may influence the primary care provider's (PCP) clinical work, professional satisfaction, and burnout (described here as PCP's work-life). We aimed to identify how PCPs perceive CMM impacts their work-life.

Implementation Science to Advance Care Delivery: A Primer for Pharmacists and Other Health Professionals.

Health care is experiencing increasing pressure to implement evidence-based interventions that improve quality, control costs, and maximize value. Unfortunately, many clinical services and interventions to optimize medication use do not consistently produce the intended humanistic, clinical, and economic outcomes. The lack of conclusive results is believed to stem from the widely recognized research-to-practice gap.

The Philosophy of Practice for Comprehensive Medication Management: Evaluating Its Meaning and Application by Practitioners.

Objective: Philosophy of practice is the foundation of any patient care practice because it provides a set of professional values and beliefs that guide actions and decisions in practice. Study objectives were to understand how pharmacists providing comprehensive medication management (CMM) describe their philosophy of practice and compare how participants' philosophies align with predefined tenets of a CMM philosophy of practice.

Methods: An instrument with closed and open-ended items was developed and administered online to the lead pharmacist at 36 clinics participating in a large CMM study.

The Active Implementation Frameworks: A roadmap for advancing implementation of Comprehensive Medication Management in Primary care.

Implementation of evidence-based health services interventions is complex and often limited in scope. The Active Implementation Frameworks (AIFs) are an evidence-based set of frameworks to use when attempting to put into practice any innovation of known dimensions. This article describes the novel application of the AIFs to facilitate the implementation and improvement of Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM) in primary care practices to optimize medication use and improve care for patients.

Provision of annual wellness visits with comprehensive medication management by a clinical pharmacist practitioner.

Purpose: The effectiveness and financial benefit of pharmacist-led annual wellness visits (AWVs) in conjunction with comprehensive medication management (CMM) for older, high-risk patients were examined.

Methods: Eligible patients were 65 years of age or older with three or more chronic medical conditions, taking five or more long-term prescription or nonprescription medications and receiving primary care in a retirement community clinic. The intervention involved two components, an AWV and CMM.