Reproductive Health Management of Female Adolescent Athletes with Relative-Energy Deficiency in Sport.

The objective of this document is to guide the screening, diagnosis, and management of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) in Adolescent/Young Adult (AYA) athletes to treat symptoms and reduce long-term sequelae with a focus on gynecologic aspects of the disorder. REDs is a more comprehensive term for the condition previously known as the Female Athlete Triad. An overview of the clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of the reproductive health aspects of REDs for female athletes is provided.

Retinitis Pigmentosa and Therapeutic Approaches: A Systematic Review.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary retinal dystrophies characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells, which results in debilitating visual impairment. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of emerging treatment modalities for RP, including gene therapy, mesenchymal-cell-based approaches, and supplementary interventions. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to February 2024.

Variability of Visual Recovery with Time in Epiretinal Membrane Surgery: A Predictive Analysis Based on Retinal Layer OCT Thickness Changes.

Purpose: To correlate postoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) thickness changes of each retinal layer with different patterns of visual recovery after idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery in a cohort of patients showing no known risk factors for poor visual recovery at preoperative imaging.

Methods: Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT images were acquired preoperatively and 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Patients were divided into four groups according to postoperative BCVA improvement: improvement < 15 ETDRS letters (GROUP 1), immediate improvement of BCVA without further improvements at later follow-ups (GROUP 2), immediate improvement of BCVA with further improvements at later follow-ups (GROUP 3) and delayed improvement of BCVA (GROUP 4).

Hypertension: Are Current Guidelines Inclusive of Sex and Gender?

Hypertension (HTN) accounts for one in five deaths of American women. Major societies worldwide aim to make evidence-based recommendations for HTN management. Sex- or gender-based differences exist in epidemiology and management of HTN; in this study, we aimed to assess sex- and gender-based language in major society guidelines.

Long Curriculum 3.0 in Resident Education: Comprehensive Curriculum in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology for Postgraduate Trainees in Obstetrics/Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine.

In 2015, the Resident Education Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology published the Long Curriculum in Resident Education to provide educators with a comprehensive document to be used in postgraduate medical education. The original curriculum was designed to meet the resident learning objectives for the Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology, the American Board of Pediatrics, and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and to provide a more intensive, broader learning experience. The curriculum was updated in 2018.

Outcomes of Abrupt Switch to Bevacizumab of Patients Undergoing Aflibercept Intravitreal Injections for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Tertiary Center in Lombardy, Italy: A Real-Life Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: To assess real-life anatomical and functional outcomes of switch to bevacizumab in patients undergoing aflibercept intravitreal injections for nAMD.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with nAMD and undergoing intravitreal injections of aflibercept who switched to bevacizumab after the resolution XI/1986 of Lombardy Region.

Results: Among 128 patients undergoing intravitreal injections, a total of 29 eyes of 29 patients met all inclusion criteria and were included in the statistical analysis.

Resident Education Curriculum in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: The Short Curriculum 3.0.

Exposure to pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) varies across residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine, and pediatrics, as well as fellowship programs in adolescent medicine. Nevertheless, these programs are responsible for training residents and fellows and providing opportunities within their programs to fulfill PAG learning objectives. To that end, the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology has taken a leadership role in PAG education by creating and systematically updating the Short Curriculum.

The Proportion of Women Authors and the Inclusion of Sex and Gender Content Among the American College of Cardiology Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2008-2018.

Sex and gender, two important factors affecting health care, should be routinely taken into consideration in clinical practice. Members of the Sex and Gender Health Collaborative Scholarship Committee reviewed clinical guidelines published by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) from 2008 to 2018 to determine if the number of women authors on the writing committee influenced the presence of sex- and gender-specific content and recommendations in each guideline. We reviewed 33 ACC clinical guidelines from 2008 to 2018 and determined the number of women authors on the writing committee for each guideline.

OCT changes of idiopathic epiretinal membrane after cataract surgery.

Background: We reviewed our experience in the management of cataract and idiopatic epiretinal membrane surgeries at the Humanitas Research Institute-Milan, Italy- over the past 3 years.

Methods: We conducted a single center retrospective observational case series of patients that underwent sequential cataract and idiopatic epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgeries from 2012-2015 in Humanitas Research Institute. Full data was obtained for 53 eyes of 57 patients.

Prepubertal Vulvovaginitis.

Vulvovaginitis is a common gynecologic complaint in prepubertal girls. It typically presents with complaints of vulvovaginal itching, burning, irritation, discharge, or skin changes. Prepubertal females have anatomic, physiological, and behavioral factors that most often contribute to the development of symptoms.

Long Curriculum in Resident Education: Comprehensive Curriculum in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology for Postgraduate Trainees in Obstetrics/Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine.

In 2015 the Resident Education Committee published the Long Curriculum in Resident Education to provide educators with a comprehensive document to be used in post-graduate medical education. The original curriculum was designed to meet the resident learning objectives for CREOG, RCPSC and ABP and to provide a more intensive, broader learning experience. This Committee Document is an updated version of the 2015 Long Curriculum.

Assessing Weight Status in Adolescent and Young Adult Users of the Etonogestrel Contraceptive Implant.

Study Objective: There are inconsistent data regarding hormonal contraception and weight. Weight concerns might deter teens from using highly effective contraception such as the etonogestrel subdermal implant (ENG). There is little literature about weight gain and adolescent ENG use; most studies involve adult women.

Pediatric and Adolescent Issues in Underserved Populations.

Children and adolescents in underserved populations have health care risks that are different from those of the adult population. Providers need to be aware of these needs and the available resources. Providers should work with school and community organizations to provide timely and appropriate preventive health care and screen for medical and mental health problems that occur more commonly in these high-risk patient populations.

Clinical Recommendation: Vulvovaginitis.

Vulvovaginitis is a commonly encountered condition among prepubertal and adolescent females. The objective of this report is to provide the latest evidence regarding the diagnosis and management of vulvovaginitis in prepubertal and adolescent females. In this systematic review we used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation evidence system.

Ocular Onset of Paraneoplastic Pemphigus Presenting as Hyperemic Conjunctivitis and Massive Bilateral Eyelid Ulceration: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Paraneoplastic clinical signs are characterized by a large and heterogeneous variety of manifestations due to several possible underlying neoplasms. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a particular paraneoplastic variety that usually primarily affects the dermic and/or oral mucosa and is characterized by a high rate of mortality (90%). Therefore, it is important to recognize its possible signs early.

Paraneoplastic syndrome--unresponsive systemic hypertension and fever as expression of primitive ciliary body carcinoma in a blind painful eye: a case report.

Background: The purpose of this study was to present a case of paraneoplastic systemic hypertension and fever in an undiagnosed primary ciliary body carcinoma arising in a painful blind eye.

Case Presentation: A 37-year-old white man with a history of blindness since childhood was enucleated for neovascular glaucoma because of intractable pain in his right eye. A histopathological examination revealed a ciliary body carcinoma.

Orbital exenteration: our experience.

Introduction: We reviewed our experience of the multidisciplinary collaboration between ophthalmologists, head and neck surgeons, neurosurgeons, radiologists and oncologists in the management of extensive tumors treated by orbital exenteration at the Humanitas Research Institute, Milan, Italy, over the past 10 years.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent orbital exenteration between March 2005 and August 2014 at the Humanitas Research Institute. The 10-year cohort of exenterated patients was identified through operating room notes using the clinical code set of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10).

Clinical Recommendation: Labial Adhesions.

Labial adhesions, also known as labial agglutination, are a common finding in prepubertal adolescents. They are defined as fusion of the labia minora in the midline or are termed vulvar adhesions when they occur below the labia minora (inner labia). Patients are often asymptomatic but might present with genitourinary complaints.

Use of Psychopharmacologic Medications in Adolescents With Restrictive Eating Disorders: Analysis of Data From the National Eating Disorder Quality Improvement Collaborative.

Purpose: Psychopharmacologic medications are often prescribed to patients with restrictive eating disorders (EDs), and little is known about the frequency of use in adolescents. We examined the use of psychopharmacologic medications in adolescents referred for treatment of restrictive ED, potential factors associated with their use, and reported psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods: Retrospective data from the initial and 1-year visits were collected for patients referred for evaluation of restrictive ED at 12 adolescent-based ED programs during 2010 (Group 1), including diagnosis, demographic information, body mass index, prior treatment modalities, and psychopharmacologic medications.

Minimally invasive motor cortex stimulation for Parkinson's disease.

Extra/intradural strip electrode implantation on motor cortex may be possible minimally invasive neurosurgical method for therapeutic neuromodulation in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this review is to assess motor cortex stimulation (MCS) efficacy and safety in advanced PD. Sixteen published articles were included with a total of 130 PD patients treated.

Cobalamin C deficiency in an adolescent with altered mental status and anorexia.

Although cobalamin (cbl) C deficiency is the most common inherited disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism, the late-onset form of the disease can be difficult to recognize because it has a broad phenotypic spectrum. In this report, we describe an adolescent female exposed to unknown illicit substances and sexual abuse who presented with psychosis, anorexia, seizures, and ataxia. The patient's diagnosis was delayed until a metabolic workup was initiated, revealing hyperhomocysteinemia, low normal plasma methionine, and methylmalonic aciduria.

Predictors of outcome at 1 year in adolescents with DSM-5 restrictive eating disorders: report of the national eating disorders quality improvement collaborative.

Purpose: The National Eating Disorders Quality Improvement Collaborative evaluated data of patients with restrictive eating disorders to analyze demographics of diagnostic categories and predictors of weight restoration at 1 year.

Methods: Fourteen Adolescent Medicine eating disorder programs participated in a retrospective review of 700 adolescents aged 9-21 years with three visits, with DSM-5 categories of restrictive eating disorders including anorexia nervosa (AN), atypical AN, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Data including demographics, weight and height at intake and follow-up, treatment before intake, and treatment during the year of follow-up were analyzed.

Intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks: a long-term follow-up study.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) to treat choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with angioid streaks.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 16 eyes of 10 patients treated with IVB for CNV secondary to angioid streaks between November 2005 and November 2011. Intravitreal bevacizumab was performed in all patients with a pro re nata regimen.