An Evidence-Based Framework for Medical Student Research Training.

Background: As research becomes an increasingly important component of medical education, there is greater emphasis on incorporating programmatic enhancements to the research experience. This study builds a logic model to summarize research program inputs, outputs, and outcomes from research-oriented medical schools across the country, providing a framework that institutions can use to design and improve their medical student research training programs.

Methods: Between November 2021 and February 2022, we administered a survey assessing institutional characteristics, research offerings, curriculum, funding, and student scholarly products to the medical schools ranked 1-50 in research in 2021 by US News and World Report.

Anemia in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa : A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Importance: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with a number of physical and psychological comorbidities. Studies have suggested an association between HS and anemia; however, this association is not widely understood and may result in delayed diagnosis and treatment and possible increase in morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis regarding the association between HS and anemia, and to characterize the subtypes of anemia associated with HS.

Systematic review of TNFα-induced paradoxical psoriasis: Treatment outcomes of switching to alternative biologic therapies in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacies of different biologic therapies in treating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-induced paradoxical psoriasis (PXP) and controlling inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms.

Methods: We conducted a literature search of the Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from their inception to October 3, 2021. We considered all peer-reviewed, randomized controlled trials, chart reviews, and observational studies that discussed the TNFα-induced PXP treatment outcomes in IBD patients of switching to different biologic therapies.

High Risk Features Contributing to 30-Day Readmission After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Single Center Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Background And Purpose: Risk of 30-day stroke readmission has been attributed to medical comorbidities, stroke severity, and hospitalization metrics. The leading etiologies appear to vary across institutions and remain a moving target. We hypothesized that patients with increased medical complexity have higher odds of 30-day readmission and the immediate time after discharge may be most vulnerable.

Transgender Healthcare: Development of an Illustrated eLearning Tool for Medical Education.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Purpose Transgender health competency among medical students and clinical providers remains poor, yet standardized curricula are lacking.

The natural history of untreated estrogen receptor-positive, Her2-negative invasive breast cancer.

Background: Using prior mammograms from patients with delays in their breast cancer diagnoses, we sought to describe in-vivo growth kinetics of untreated breast cancer to determine if the time they became clinically apparent can be predicted.

Methods: Patient and tumor characteristics were collected from those who presented with "missed," untreated breast cancer to a breast center in a single institution. Only patients whose biopsied masses revealed estrogen receptor-positive, Her2-negative (ER+/Her2-) invasive cancers were included.

Use of serum citrulline concentrations from routine newborn screen as a biomarker for necrotizing enterocolitis.

Purpose: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates, lacks a reliable biomarker. Citrulline is primarily produced by enterocytes and correlates with intestinal function. Serum citrulline concentration (CIT) is routinely measured in routine newborn screening (NBS).

The Effect of Obesity on the Quality of Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy: Results From a Large Observational Study.

Background: Obesity has been linked to suboptimal bowel preparation but this association has not been conclusively investigated in prospective studies.

Goals: Our objective was to determine whether any relationship exists between obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) and quality of bowel preparation.

Study: Adult patients who presented for outpatient colonoscopy at a single urban ambulatory surgery center within a 6-month period and fulfilled inclusion criteria were prospectively enrolled for the study.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Nonagenarian Patients: Is It Really Safe?

Background/aims: Literature on the safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in elderly patients is divided. Based on this we decided to examine the safety of ERCP in nonagenarian patients.

Methods: A total of 1,389 patients, with a mean age of 63.

An Experimental Study of Implicit Racial Bias in Recognition of Child Abuse.

Objectives: We evaluated whether implicit racial bias influences pediatricians' suspicion of child abuse.

Methods: Child abuse experts developed 9 injury vignettes. Pediatricians (N = 342) were randomly assigned one of 2 versions to rate for suspicion of abuse, with the child's race in each vignette varying between white and black.

Relationship of ambulatory blood pressure and body mass index to left ventricular mass index in pediatric patients with casual hypertension.

Both obesity and hypertension are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in children. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of LVH in obese and nonobese subjects with casual hypertension who underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Untreated children (aged 6-20 years) underwent 24-hour ABPM, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was measured.

Randomized control trial comparing physiologic effects in preterm infants during treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) generated by Bubble NCPAP and Ventilator NCPAP: a pilot study.

Objectives: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is an accepted form of non-invasive ventilation in preterm infants. Few, if any, studies have shown an advantage of one type of NCPAP over another. It has been theorized that bubble-generated NCPAP may be advantageous for the preterm neonate versus traditionally used ventilator-generated NCPAP.

Children neglected: Where cumulative risk theory fails.

Neglected children, by far the majority of children maltreated, experience an environment most deficient in cognitive stimulation and language exchange. When physical abuse co-occurs with neglect, there is more stimulation through negative parent-child interaction, which may lead to better cognitive outcomes, contrary to Cumulative Risk Theory. The purpose of the current study was to assess whether children only neglected perform worse on cognitive tasks than children neglected and physically abused.

A qualitative study of factors underlying decision making for joint replacement among African Americans and Latinos with osteoarthritis.

To support patients in making decisions that align with their unique cultural beliefs, an understanding of factors underlying patient preferences is needed. We sought to identify psychosocial factors that influenced decision making among African-American and Hispanic patients referred for knee or hip arthroplasty. Thirty-six participants deciding on surgery were interviewed.

Neonatal morbidities among full-term infants born to obese mothers.

Introduction: Impact of maternal obesity on full-term neonates is not known.

Objective: We hypothesized increased incidence of neonatal morbidities requiring NICU admission in full-term neonates of obese women compared to neonates of normal-weight women.

Methods: Data from full-term pregnancies collected in the Consortium of Safe Labor study were analyzed.

Strategies for conducting adolescent health research in the clinical setting: the Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center HPV experience.

Background: Clinical research with adolescents can be challenging due to issues of informed consent, parental involvement, institutional review board requirements, and adolescent psychosocial development. These requirements present a dilemma, particularly in the area of sexual health research, as adolescents are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV). To successfully conduct adolescent research in the clinical setting, one requires an awareness of state statutes regarding adolescent confidentiality and consent for medical care, and a close partnership with the IRB.

Executive function and cerebrovascular reactivity in pediatric hypertension.

Primary hypertension is associated with decreased performance on neurocognitive testing and a blunted cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia. Parents of 14 children with hypertension and prehypertension completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions. Children underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and transcranial Doppler with reactivity measurement using time-averaged maximum mean velocity and end-tidal carbon dioxide during hypercapnia-rebreathing test.

Cervical, anal and oral HPV in an adolescent inner-city health clinic providing free vaccinations.

Objectives: Published human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine trials indicate efficacy is strongest for those naive to the vaccine-types. However, few high-risk young women have been followed and cervical HPV has been the predominant outcome measure.

Methods: We collected cervical and anal swabs, as well as oral rinse specimens from 645 sexually active inner-city young females attending a large adolescent health-clinic in New York City that offers free care and HPV vaccination.

Caregiver perceptions of sexual abuse and its effect on management after a disclosure.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine caregiver management strategies for child sexual abuse (CSA) when presented with hypothetical scenarios that vary in physical invasiveness.

Methods: One hundred fifty three caregivers were given 3 scenarios of CSA with 7 management strategies presented in the 21-item Taking Action Strategies (TAS) scale. Caregivers were asked to rate strategies according to their willingness to carry out each action with rating of 5=greater likelihood of carrying out the action specified while a rating of 1=a lower likelihood of carrying out that action.

Exposure to sexually explicit Web sites and adolescent sexual attitudes and behaviors.

Purpose: Mass media play an important role in the socialization of youth. Given its expanding nature and accessibility, the Internet may be at the forefront of this education. However, the extent of the Internet's impact on adolescent sexual attitudes and behaviors is not yet known.

Racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes and appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy: impact of patient and provider factors.

Background And Purpose: Prior work documented racial and ethnic disparities in incidence of stroke, stroke risk factors, and use of carotid endarterectomy. Less is known about disparities in outcomes and appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy or reasons for such inequalities.

Methods: This was a population-based cohort of carotid endarterectomy performed in Medicare beneficiaries in New York.

Does managed care affect quality? Appropriateness, referral patterns, and outcomes of carotid endarterectomy.

This was a population-based observational study to assess the impact of managed care (MC) on several dimensions of quality of surgical care among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing carotid endarterectomies (CEAs) (N = 9308) in New York. Clinical data were abstracted from medical charts to assess appropriateness and deaths or strokes within 30 days of surgery. Differences in patients, appropriateness, and outcomes were compared using chi-square tests; risk-adjusted outcomes were compared using regression.