Improving Medical Education by Coupling Basic Science Lectures With ICD-10 Codes.

At the Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM), students are taught through a systems-based block education process organized according to separate organ systems. The block education lectures provide instruction on these various organ systems and their associated diseases and potential for diagnosis and treatment. A curricular initiative implemented at VCOM incorporates International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes into the preclinical curriculum to enhance student learning and recall of basic science information and to prepare them for patient encounters during clinical rotations.

High-saturated-fat diet induces gestational diabetes and placental vasculopathy in C57BL/6 mice.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a commonly encountered disorder of mid to late pregnancy that is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Gestational diabetes mellitus is thought to be multifactorial in origin and derives from both genetic and environmental factors. However, the mechanisms underlying GDM are incompletely understood; and current GDM animal models do not appear to closely mimic the clinical situation in humans.

Heart changes in 17-day-old fetuses of diabetic ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mothers: improvement with maternal immune stimulation.

Maternal diabetes mellitus is associated with increased fetal teratogenesis, including cardiovascular defects. Non-specific maternal immune stimulation with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or interferon gamma (IFNgamma) has been associated with protection against birth malformations. Using a diabetic mouse model, late-gestation fetal heart and great vessel morphology were analyzed.

Placental improvement and reduced distal limb defects by maternal interferon-gamma injection in methylnitrosourea-exposed mice.

Background: Methylnitrosourea (MNU), an alkylating agent derived from creatinine metabolism, is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic. Mid-gestational exposure to MNU leads to distal limb defects in mice. Previous studies have shown that nonspecific maternal immune stimulation protects against MNU-induced teratogenesis.

Reduced birth defects caused by maternal immune stimulation in methylnitrosourea-exposed mice: association with placental improvement.

Background: Methylnitrosourea (MNU) is a potent carcinogen and teratogen that is associated with central nervous system, craniofacial, skeletal, ocular, and appendicular birth defects following transplacental exposure at critical time points during development, and preliminary studies have suggested that nonspecific maternal immunostimulation may offer protection against development of these birth defects.

Methods: Our study examined morphologic alterations in fetal limb and digital development and placental integrity following maternal exposure to MNU on GD 9 in CD-1 mice, and characterized the improvement in placental integrity and abrogation of fetal defects following maternal immune stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on GD 7.

Results: Fetal limbs were significantly shortened (p < 0.

Dietary oral exposure to l,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus).

The potential risk to wildlife from exposure to explosives, including 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), has been an issue at numerous U.S. military installations where these substances are found in soil and water.

Influence of dietary 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene exposure in the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus).

The risk to wildlife from exposure to the explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been a concern at numerous military installations where it has been found in the soil. To date, no published data are available describing effects of TNT exposure in an avian species. Subchronic dietary exposure to TNT was therefore evaluated in a species of management concern at military installations, the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus).